$2.50
USR
A $ 4 00
S S BOO
Now Zealand NZ S 4 00
Hong Kong H S20 00
Malaysia M S 8 00
MICRO JOURMN.
YOUR CHOICE-smart either i/vav
• Over 140 software driven functions
• 82 x 24 or 82 x 20 screen format — software selectable
• High resolution 7x12 matrix characters — P-31 green phosphor
• Upper/lower case character set — plus graphics character set
• 56-key alphanumeric keyboard — plus 12-key cursor, numeric pad
• Internal editing functions — insert, delete, scroll, roll, slide, etc.
• Parallel printer I/O port
• 50 to 38,400 baud operation — programmable
• Cursor type, cursor position, print control characters, protected fields,
shift inversion, dual intensity and many other features
8212— twelve-inch diagnonal screen or 8209 — nine-inch diagnonal screen
SOUTHWEST TECHNICAL PRODUCTS CORPORATION
219 W. RHAPSODY
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS 78216 (512) 344 0241
I ■ ■ ■ 1 1 L J "—~ ■ _
Multi-User
UniFLEX is the first full capability multi-user
operating system available for microprocessors.
Designed for the 6809 and 68000. it offers its
users a very friendly computing environment
After a user logs-in' with his user name and
password, any of the sysfem programs may be
run at will. One user moy run the text editor
while another runs BASIC and still another runs
the C compiler. Each user operates in his own
system environment, unaware of other user
activity. The total number of users is only
restricted by the resources and efficiency ol the
hardware in use.
Suppo
The design of UniFLEX, with its hierarchical file
system and device independent I O, allows the
creation ot a variety ol complex support
programs. There is currently a wide variety of
software available and under developm-
Included in this list is a Text Processing System
for word processing functions, BASIC interpreter
and precompiler for general programming and
educational use. native C and Pascal
compilers for more advanced programming,
sort merge for business applications, and a
variety ofdebug packages The standard
system includes a text editor, assembler, and
. . . . .■*■> i j r-i r-w j i rtf\i-\
about forty utility programs UniFLEX for 6609 is
sold with a single CPU license and one years
maintenance for $450.00 Additional yearly
maintenance is available for $100 00 OEM
licenses are also available
Multi-Tasking
UniFLEX is a true multi-tasking operatic
Not only may several users run different
programs, but one user may run several
programs at a time. For example, a
compilation ol one file could be initialed while
simultaneously making changes to another file
using the text editor. New tasks are generated
in the system by the 'fork' operation. Tasks may
be run in the background or locked' in main
memory to assist critical response times. Inter-
task communication Is also supported through
the 'pipe' mechanism.
FLEX
UniFLEX is offered for Ihe advanced
microprocessor systems. FLEX, the Industry
standard lor 6800 and 6809 systems, is offer.
for smaller, single user systems A full line of FLEX
support software and OEM licenses are also
available.
West Lafayette. IN 47906
(317)483-250?
•mark sot lee r--
<
9
68
Portions of text prepared using the following.
SWTPC 6800-6809-OMAF2-CDS1-CT82-Sprlnt 3
Southwest Technical Products
219 W. Rhapsody
San Antonio, Texas 78216
EDITOR - WORD PROCESSOR
Technical Systems Consultants, Inc.
Box 2573, W. Lafayette, IN 47906
FLEX Is TM of TSC
GIMIX Super Mainframe-Assorted memory boards
GIMIX Inc.
1337 West 37th Place
Chicago, I I 60609
Publisher: Don Williams Sr.
Executive Editor: Larry Williams
Subscriptions and Office manager
Mary Robertson
General Girl 'Friday'
Joyce Wt 1 1 lams
Contributing Editors:
Dr. Chuck Adams
Dr. Theo Elbert
Dr. Jeffery Browns te In
Dale Puckett
Russel I Gore
Ron Anderson
John Jordon
CONTENTS
FLEX USER NOTES 10 Anderson
UNDERSTANDING SUBROUTINES I I I. .12 Wakerly
NCC '81 16 staff
NEED $J7 18 DMW
COLOR (Reviewers needed) 18 DMW
SURVEY 1 9 staf f
MAKE SENSE? (Manual writers) . ..21 Tucker
DISKSAVE (6800) 22 Champlaln
INTEXT (A small text editor). ..23 Tarvln
BIT BUCKET 25 All of us
MEMORY DIAGNOSTICS 25 Alexander
HELP. (Rev lew) 30 Puckett
HARD-SOFT CONNECTION 30 Massen
WORDS (Word counting BASIC) ....35 Beck
ABORT (Switch for 6809) 35 Gaskel I
CLASSIFIED HELP 36
MICRO
JOURNN.
Send All Correspondence To:
'68' Micro Journal
3018 Hamill Rd.
PO Box 849
Hixson, Tennessee 37343
— Phone —
Otlice 615-870-1993
COPYRIGHT 1981
'68' Micro Journal is published 12 times a year by '68'
Micro Journal, 6131 Airways Blvd., Chattanooga, TN
37421. Second Class postage paid at Chattanooga, TN
Postmaster: Send Form 3579 to 68' Micro Journal, PO
Box 849. Hixson, TN 37343.
1-Year $18.50 2-Year $32.50 3-Year $48.50
-ITEMS SUBMITTED FOR PUBLICATION -
(Letters to the Editor lor Publication) All letters to the
Editor should be substantiated by tacts. Opinions should
be indicated as such AM letters must be signed. We are
interested in receiving tetters that will benefit or alert our
readers. Praise as well as gripes is always good subject
matter. Your name may be withheld upon request. II you
have had a go^d experience with a 6800 vendor please
put it in a letter. II the experience was bad put that in a
tetter also. Remember, il you tell us who they are then it is
only lair that your name not' be withheld. This means that
all letters published, ol a critical nature, cannot have a
name withheld. We will attempt to publish verbatim'
letters that are composed using good taste.' We reserve
the right to deline (lor '68' Micro) what constitutes good
taste.'
(Articles and items submitted lor publication) Please,
always include your lull name, address, and telephone
number. Date and number all sheets. TYPE them if you
can, poorly handwritten copy is sometimes the difference
between go. no-go. All items should be on 8X1 1 inch,
white paper Most all ad work will be reproduced photo-
graphically, this includes all listings, diagrams and other
non-text material. All typewritten copy should be done
with a NEW RIBBON. All hand drawn art should be black
on white paper. Please no hand written code items over
50 bytes. Neatly typed copy will be directly reproduced.
Column width should be 3Vi inches.
(Advertising) Any Classified: Maximum 20 words. All
single letters and/or numbers will be considered one (1)
word. No Commercial or Business Type Classified
advertising. Classified ads will be published in our
standard format. Classified ads $7.50 one time run, paid
in advance.
Commercial and/or Business advertisers please write
or phone for current rate sheet and publication lag time.
'(SB' Micro Journal
GIMIX 2MHZ 6809 PLUS 56K SYSTEM f"")
IDEAL FOR SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT V^ I
• You can order a system to meet your needs or select the one featured below. ^ ^- \
• INCLUDES: 6809 plus CPU #05, Mainframe Cabinet, Mother Board, Power Supply, Fan,
2 Port Serial Card & Cables, 2 Disk Regulator Cards, and 56KB Static Ram. . . $2498.29
• For 50 Hz Export Power Supply, add S30.00
• 6800 CPU'S AND SYSTEMS ALSO AVAILABLE.
DUAL DRIVE
5V*
Disk Systems For Use In GIMIX Mainframes.
All Systems Include: Disk Controller, Cable, and GIMIX version of TSC'S Flex.
Power for the drives is provided by the C.V. power supply in the GIMIX Mainframe
and 2 of our disk regulator boards. This gives your disk system the same brownout
protection and p*wer supply reliability as the rest of the system.
When ordered with a GIMIX 6809 system. GMXBUG 09 and Boot Prom is also included,
or, subject to availability, you may substitute Microware's OS-9 for the GMXBUG/FLEX
combination at no charge, or have both, Software Selectable installed on the CPU, for
$150.00 Additional.
Systems using Unlllex or Video based will also be available.
To substitute the GIMIX DMA Controller for the #28. Add $200 00 to the Double Density chart.
SINGLE DENSITY 2 DRIVE SYSTEM USING OUR
#48 DISK CONTROLLER
CAPACITY IN BYTES
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THE CLASSY CHASSIS S99B.19
32K STATIC RAM BOARDS
Designed for use with:
* Existing SSS0 Systems * SSSOC Extended Address Systems
for the 30 PIN BUS:
1 Port Serial S 88.41
(AS J3J 01 WMA cuirenl wool
J Pori RS ?3? Semi 1 28.43
2 con Paiaiwi 88.42
I/O BOARDS
for the SO PIN BUS:
8 HCI RS S3? Soul 288.40
8 Port BS 23? Strui 31B.46
with on Mild Sjua Rale generaior
8 Fort Parallel 188.45
FEATURES:
• Decoding lor 4 (mended Address Linos lanowj
memory decoding up lo I megabylei
• Dip swiich lo sol eiKndeaaddressng « drsadte it
• i separate 8K blocks addiessa&e to any 8«
oounojry Dy DIP swilch
• Each 6« OlCCfc nviy M mOinOllJIly HISJUOO
2114 SUPER LOW POWER 200ns
• Assembled
• Burned In
• Tested
16K ..298.12
24K . .348.14
32K ..398.15
15K «no U* Versions are
socketed lor 3JK and requite
only addinoru/ 2ii4's lor
expansion
• wrile oroteci either oi mo i6k sections
• Lo* oowrv tonsumoiion - uses JliaL lo*
power BAMS
• Fully Sockeieo
• Gow Bus Conrwciors
• Guaranteed 7Wh/ oooalion
RAM CHIPS $2.90
TO 00.OER BY MAIL
stun CMtc« on uoiEr P«atn or usf rotm visa OH ussnn cmoci
Please jiim J A«m loi oersoAJt tnetus lo near
U S )f*v 400 15 fUrtOI.no il WOei .1 unflf i?00 00 (ryf^r OtOirs 400 SlO
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ffiition oiQfrti o»ei 1700 00 ** be ir.oprfl m Imrv An Fneohl COllECI
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i^ iqpt I. tnjngM Br^*0 via e^OMI IOK«t«vli *t •», l^v
IttlG'U.i iiH iWCitf'i'iv
•*rv*t im» «•)•<»
emir ^dMeir" .'rr.g.^ir^'
eien and Jnihex are trademarks ol Technical Systems
Consultants Inc OS-9 is a irademj'k of Microware Inc See trieti ads lor
other GiMix compatible sotlware
The GIMIX DMA DISK CONTROLLER ($548.68)
uses high speed Direct Memory Access (DMA)
for data transfers to and from system memory. It
supports any combination of drives, 8" and 5";
single and double headed; single and double
track (48 and 96 TPI); single and double density;
up to 4 drives total. The board features both a
phase-locked loop data separatorand adjustable
write precompensation to insure high reliability,
and can be used in 6809 systems running at 1,
1.5, and 2 MHz.
Available software includes GIMIX versions
of the 6809 FLEX disk operating system,
S90.00. OS-9 and UniFLEX will also be avail-
able.
<§
Gimix-
SEE GHOST AD PAGES
The) Comptnr fri«l dmlhtrn
Quality Electronic products tinea 7975.
1337 WEST 37th PLACE. CHICAGO, IL 60609
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43, 46, 48, & 56
BASIC09
has a dual personality.
One
craves
meat-and-
potatoes
BASIC.
The
other
prefers
Programme
ala Pas al.
Some people say BASIC09 is really a
PASCAL in disguise, cithers say it's still
BASIC. You'll understand this delightful
dilemma when you look at both versions of
the "bubble s«rt" program shown below:
both can be run by BASIC09. The program
on top is unstructured and hard lo under-
stand, but it's traditional BASIC. The pro-
gram on the bottom is well-structured and
easy to follow, a virtue of PASCAL. With
BAS09 you can program either way. or
mix the best of both. It's like gelling two
languages for the price of one.
SORT AN ARRAY
IN ASCENDING SEQUENCE
90 DIM A(5)
100 1-5
II* IF I- I THEN 200
12» FOR J-l TO I- I
13* IK AUK- A0+ I) THEN 17*
14* T-AU+ll
ISO A(J + l)-AU)
160 AUI-T
170 NEXT J
18* l-l-l
19* GOTO 110
200 RETURN
DIM array(S)
outer -5
WHILE outcr> I DO
outer-outer- 1
FOR inner- 1 TO outer
IF array(inner)>-array(inner + II THEN
lemp-arrav(inncr + I)
array(mncr + l)-array|mncr|
array(inner)-lcmp
ENUIF
NEXT inner
ENDWIIIl.E
RETURN
Makes programs better
BASIC09 has five kinds of loop structures:
WHILE . . DO. REPEAT . . UNTIL.
LOOP . . ENDLOOP. FOR . . NEXT and
IF . .THEN . . ELSE. If one of the live
built-in data types (byte, integer, real,
string, and boolean) doesn't suit the pro-
blem, you can make a new one of your lik-
ing with llic TYPE statement. Need a tree,
linked list, or symbol table? Complex non-
rectangular data structures using any com-
bination of data types ore easy to define.
Modular programming breaks down large-
programs to smaller, more manageable
elements. BASIC09 lets you create in-
dependent program modules called "pro-
cedures" with local variables fur recursion
plus parameter passing to any other
BASIC09 or machine language procedure.
There is a complete set of statements for
device-independent sequential or random
I/O. plus a superlative PRINT USING
system.
Makes programs faster
No futl-fealure MASK." for any 8-bit
microprocessor is faster than HASIC09.
because it is an interactive compiler. As
each program line is entered, it is instantly
compiled to a smaller, faster form. Because
BASICS) automatically converts programs
back to original "source 1 form for listing, it
is as friendly and easy-to-use as traditional
interpreter IJASlCs. Each procedure can be
independently compiled lo position-
independent, reentrant. ROMahle
format. Micrnware* developed a
new ultra-fast 9-digtt-accuracy
floating point math system just
for BASIC09. And if that's still
not last enough, there's BYTE
and INTEGER arithmetic.
Features that make
programs easier to write
The compiler is integrated with a full-
feature string AND line-number oriented
test editor. If you make a mistake.
BASIC09 tells you instantly. String-oriented
commands such as search, change, change
all occurances. delete, ami insert can be
used on programs with or without line
numbers. There's an automatic line
renumbering function too,
Features that make
programs easy to test
Debugging ofllen takes longer than writing
a program. That's why BASK'09's rnlcgr.il
high-level debugger sets it apart from all
other compiled OR interpretive languages.
The TRACE command shows you each
statement executed in BASIC form, plus
the result of any expression evaluation.
STEP lets you ran one or more statements
at a time. LET and PRINT allow you to ex-
amine or change the values of variables, by
name. STATE lists procedure calling order.
And there are nme other debug com-
mands. If you need lo correct a program,
you can edit, recompile, and rerun it in
seci mds.
Microwatt** software is available (or most
popular nXIXI computer systems. Source
listings and yearly maintenance update
service are sold separately for most pro-
grams.
ft rile or call lor our free catalog. We
accept phone orders and MasterCard and
VISA orders.
W=m MICROWARG
Microware Systems Corporation
5835 Grand, Des Moines, la 50312
1515) 279-t<W') TWX 91 11.521 K>5;<5
Does timesharing on
a small system make sense?
9
with
OS-9
Level One!
Now two (or more) acts can share your
microcomputer stage. You will no longer
have to walk away from your computer
while it is busy running a long program,
because OS-9 is a multitasking operating
system, you can be running a IJASIC pro-
gram while editing a PASCAL program, for
example. This lets you make more efficient
use of your time and your system, even if
you only use one terminal. If your applica-
tion requires multiple, independent ter-
minals, one OS-9 system can do tlie work
of several single-user systems.
The convenience
of an advanced operating
system
Sophistication dins not require complexity.
Many OS-9 users say that it is actually
easier tn use than the older 6WXMype
operating systems. Consider how easy it is
to run multiple programs: to run a program
you just type its name and hit "return." To
run a program as a separate job, you type
iLs name, an '&' character, then hit return.
The program runs as usual, but OS-9
comes back immediately and is ready for
your next command. Simple commands let
you see each program's status, set its
priority, or abort it.
The file management system has fast,
byte-addressable random-and sequential-
access files. The tree-stiuctured multiple
directory system lets you create separate
disk directories for each user, project, or
application. Command line I/O file redirec-
tion means you specify what device andfor
files a program will use when you run it,
not when you write it.
Efficiency and
hardware versatility
No other operating system can run on such
a broad range of hardware: the overall
RAW requirement for Level One is 32K to
56K RAM . Memory utilization is superlative
because OS-9 lets multiple tasks "share"
the same reentrant program. For example,
if two users run BASIC09. only one "copy"
is actually loaded into memory. The Level
Two version of OS-9 can utilize up to a
megabyte of memory on systems having
memory management hardware
(both versions come with com-
plete timesharing support).
OS-9's device independent I/O
system can handle almost any
number and combination of I/O
devices: five or eight inch disk-
ettes. Winchester disks, disk car-
tridges, serial and parallel ports,
memory-mapped video
displays, and more.
Microware* offers a large selection of
"slock" device interface software modules,
or you can create your own: all the infor-
mation you need is in the manuals.
Excellent support and
documentation
Each OS-9 package comes with a User's
Manual and a System Programmer's
Manual that cover every aspect of OS-9. If
you have special requirements, you can
even purchase the Source Code for most of
OS-9 and related software. At
Microware^we take pride in offering the
best customer support in the business.
Technical advice and assistance by phone,
mail or telex is available during all business
hours.
Superb software tools
In addition to I3AS1C09. Microware* offers:
an Interactive Assembler. Macro Text
Editor, Stylograph Word Processor, In-
teractive Debugger, and coming soon,
COIJOL. PASCAL and C language com-
pilers.
Microware* software is available for most
popular 6809 computer systems. Source
listings and yearly maintenance update
service are sold separately for most pro-
grams.
Please call or write for out free catalog.
We accept phone orders and MasterCard
and VISA orders.
MICROWARE
Microware Systems Corporation
5835 Grand, Des Moines, la 50312
(515) 279-S844 TWX 910-520-2535
F£S$H
FLEX COMPATIBLE FORTH
"7h\% it obvioui/y 'fce mo*> comprehensive monuof that's ever t>«*n
prodvced on FORTH, tt'i vastly more comp/e'e than onymmg eft*/
The woy he fo/fci obou' things if not only goodreodmg, but hemofces
it easy to p(tfc up on the ftrs' rry."
Sojd Aon Anttttion, '68 MICRO JOURNAL'% contr.bv/.ng edjfor,
rof-ung about the X-FORTH monvoj.
X-FORTH is iho best FORTH there is (or 6809/6400 computers
running FLEXI There** no better woy to put it, X. FORTH beats ihe
competition honds down and here's why
REX •OMPATfBU
She con reod and write FLEX rondom ond sequential files.
She con even reod ond write the sequentiol files RANDOMLY)
Uses flEX I/O (or lerminol ond printer Hon&rs TTVSET.
TWO EDITORS
She hos o T7Y editor modeled ofter the FORTH INC editor
rather thon the FIG version
She hoi o FULL SCREEN EDITOR for lermmol, ihot supporl
cursor odd resting
STANDARD ASStMBlER
She uses standard MOTOROLA menomics ihui;
'LDA [ 44 ]' becomes [ 44 J IDA' in X-FORTH
6809 assembler olso supports 6900 menomicil
By Charlts (Chuck) fairer, Ph.D
ERROR CONTROL
You the programmer hove complete control over disk reJoled
errors while other errors provide long error messoges. X-FORTH
hos o protected dictionary ond is weiy hord to accidentally crosht
FANTASTIC DOCUMENTATION (We're very proud ef this)
4 Pott Rrng Bound Monuol (over 400 pogesl)
1 GOING CORTH
Tutorial on the use of FORTH thot mokes it a snap to feornll
2... GOING X-FORTH
X-FORTH extensions ond FLEX interface
Shows you whot the X' in X-FORTH is all oboutl
3... USER'S MANUAL, DOCUMENTATION AND GLOSSARY
This is the main port of X-FORTH with sections on; moth
operations, slocks, input words, output words, strings, disk I/O.
edit, editor, assembler, utilities, etc. ALL grouped by function
for ooio of usol Gloswy listing included with ooch section.
4.. GLOSSARY AND SOURCE LISTING
Gloiiory sorted olphobehtolly in oddition to thot in the
users monuol. Source of oil but the core of X-FORTH (olso
included on ditkl)
String primitives. Complete DATA FILE VOCABU1ARY, Triple precision moth pockoge. Portability between oftOO ond 6809 versions of X-FORTH.
Compatible with FIG FORTH AND, THERE'S EVEN MORE WE DON'T HAVE ROOM TO LIST)
Supplied on one t" Diik or 1, $" dlsitU) with a 400 page monual in a hardcover binder. Diik(i) have the teurce of everything but the cor* ef
X-FORTH, which will be available loter at extra cost. You get it ollll!
We wonted to provide o better FORTH with more extra* at less colt and we did IHII
Mefe " il! All for only
Manual ovoiloble seporotely for S49.95, with credit for loter purchase. $ r 4t. T.5
WHAT ARE YOU WAITING FOR ...
JnWt Exclusively From
Frank Hogg . . .
DYNASOFT PASCAL
FOR 6809 FLEX 1
'TM
DYNASOFT PASCAL is now available
for FLEX 9'" systems!
Version 1.3 is an enhancement of 1.2 with:
• upper and lower case source text
• disk based compiler accepts standard text
files as input
• ROMable position — independent interpreter
less than 1.2K long
• ROMable position— independent p — code
• direct interface lo FMS routine
• UNIX* style input/output redirection
• compiler runs in 16K with a single disk drive
• ideal for control applications
• entire run— time source available on disk
Price: Only $59.95. for tun-tim» source add $30.00
'" trademark •( TSC * trademark oi B«« Labs
!*• Catetofl hi flnfl* 9 tmt Ordering Inforrtig rwi
BY JIM SCHREIER
THE BILL PAYER SYSTEM .«
THE Bill PAYER is o pockoge of 10 menu driven programs in TSC Extended
60 ik This powerful system helps you keep track of your bt'lls. You con creoteo
vendor list, enter invokes lobe paid, generate various reports about them, print
yaur checks ond much more Uses random occeis files.
THE PURCHASE ORDER system odds purchase orders to Ihe BILL PAYER This
packoge of programs odds onother level of control lo your expenditures. Prints
out purchase orders ond keeps track of purchases.
f
INCOMt/ EXPENSE (EDGE* Thii valuable poclcoge it moil appreciated at
10* time. AIJowi up to 99 income ond expense numbers. Tiei into the
PURCHASE ORDER system.
Includes monuol ond source supplied on disk in TSC Extended Basic.
THE BILL PAYER S 89.93
PURCHASE ORDER 49.93
INC/EXP. LEDGER iA9 9 j
Si 89-95
buy au rw?re at one TtME ro* 149.93 and save $t99o.
FRANK MOGG laboratory, inc.
130 MIDTOWN PLAZA • SYRACUSE, NY. 13210
(315) 474-7856
1
DATABASE MANAGEMENT
MEANS BUSINESS
DATAMAN is made up ol 16 menu-driven programs which
make up a powerlul sequential DBM system under FLEX
You can think ol DATAMAN as a computerized card index
Use DATAMAN at home to keep track ol your household
possesions, record and tape libraries, mailing lists lor
cards and letters, etc For your business, use DATAMAN
tor product inventory, newsletter subscriptions, marketing
systems, check balance reconciliation and much more
The uses are limited only by your Imagination DATAMAN
turns your 6800/6809 computer into a powerlul database
management system which can save you a great deal 01
lime and money
You can create databases and do maintenance Report
writing is easy wtih both vertical and horizontal formats
Both 80 and 132 column reports are supported in the
horizontal lormal Formats are saved with run lime options
available Label printing Is made easy with up lo 3 easily
changed laoel drivers on line, and as with other DATAMAN
output programs, the output can be spooled to disk tor
later priming. A statistics package gives up to 24
statistical values You can transler records Irom one
database lo another, blow away records, even merge two
unlike databases together on a key Sorting on up to 20
keys Is done with a son editor which uses ihe tsc
Sort/Merge package You can even build 'PR' liles lor
use with ihe TSC Teit Processor (or lorm letters, invorces
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Flex User Notes
BY: RONALD W. ANDERSON
3540 STRUBR1DGE OOURT
ANN ARBOR, Ml 48)05
HELPI
I'm suddenly feeling quite overwhelmed by
responses to my column, not from hobbyist readers, but
from supplier readers- Ray T albot saw my saga of
Implementing FO^TH from the Fig documentation, and
sent me a copy of tF0RTM+ and his documentation. After
some difficulties (mine) In reading -the disks he sent me,
I got tFORTH up and running. I have to report that Ray
has solved many of the difficulties about which 1 wrote.
He has come up with an Interesting approach of a
"hybrid disk" (my nomenclature). He creates a system
disk on which the first 160 sectors are Flex compatible.
These contain F0RTH.CMD, FLEX. SYS. and any other
utilities the user cares to have on the disk. The
remaining sectors are standard FORTH screens. On a
standard 35 track single density, single sided disk,
there are 350 sectors. A screen uses 4 sectors, so
that 1here Is room for 67 screens on the disk. With
Ray's split of the disk, the first screen Is #40. The
system disk can therefore hold 47 screens. tF0RTH +
uses all of them for such things as Disk utilities, tools
(for documentation of FORTH screens), ARRAYS, CASES,
the ASSEMBLER, a screen EOITOR and the standard
FORTH line EDITOR, DOUBLE PRECISION MATH, and a few
other features.
* Ray Talbot supplies 1he tFORTH advertized
and sold by Kenyon Microsystems In Houston, TX. Kenyon
has undertaken 1he Job of marketing for Ray, who Is
presently located In Riverside CA. Ray sent me a letter
and some copies of correspondence regarding
benchmark times on a Prime Number program (again
preclpltared by the Morelra article In '68'). With some
Improvements suggested by the copies, I was able to get
my Prime program to run In tFORTH right up there with
1he fastest of them. More on Ihls some time when we do
a comparison again of some compilers. At any rate, the
documentation with tFORTH mentions the REDEFINED
message very early, and Indicates that It Is a warning
and not an error. (Would have saved me a week of hair
pulling a few months ago). The documentation Is useful,
and several grades above what I had previously, but still
lacking In explanations of the "advanced features"
such as the ARRAYS and CASES added to FORTH In the
tFORTH* version.
I know Ray Is going to write me that the
definitions are right there on the disk with comments.
Somehow, I need more than four word comments to
explain the use of 1hose CASES to me, although 1 was
able to grasp 1he ARRAY features quickly and In fact
use them to clean up my Prime program significantly. I
must be gaining, because the modified Prime program ran
correctly the first try, and I had made several
non-trlvlal modifications In It. I am still not ready for
an 'I LIKE FORTH' bumper sticker, but I'm beginning to
feel a bit more comfortable with It.
PASCAL COMPILER FROM TSC
I've seen TSC's new Pascal compiler. It Is the
fastest (except for floating point calculations), but It
uses the largest runtime package, and It has very
significant deviations from the Jensen and Wlrth
standard. A standard Pascal program requires from
minor (comment out the first line) to major (add the
function C0NV( > to all Integer variables In mixed mode
arithmetic expressions) doctoring for It to be
accepted by the TSC compiler. Of course the compiler
works flawlessly when the program has been "adjusted"
to suit It. We have All come to respect TSC for their
capabilities, and this Is a capable compiler. I think
however, that It Is stretching the point to call It a
Pascal compiler. Come on TSC, let us leave the first
line Intact, do the Integer to REAL conversions
automatically In mixed mode arithmetic, and fix the
funny w11h strings. Then you will have a Genuine Pascal
compiler. The others will compile a program with no
changes whatever.
LATEST PASCAL FROM LUCIDATA
Lucldata has completed their release 3.9 with
all the additions advertized (Scientific functions,
dynamic variables, and some nice extensions). They
have also had a change In policy. In order not to get It
wrong, I quote from their customer agreement form. "I
understand t1»at any application software written by me
using Lucldata products and requiring them to function,
may be supplied to third parties provided that the
Lucldata product Is "bound" with my software and
supplied only as a single binary command file. Any other
situation requires the execution of a License
agreement with Lucldata Ltd., or purchase of the
product by the third party." Lucldata has a version of
their RUN command that loads the user program and the
runtime package and then tails you the starting, ending
and transfer addresses so that you may SAVE the
program as a single runnable binary file. It Is this
process that they call "binding" the user program and
1hler runtime package, and such a bound program Is now
not restricted with regard to transfer to a third
party.
Incidentally, to my knowledge, Lucldata Is the
only supplier of Pascal presently supporting the 6800
processor. This new version (3.9 for FLEX9 and 3.2 for
FLEX2) Is available for both processors- The '09
version has been optimized to use the '09 Instruction
set, and It runs about twice as fast as the '00 version.
MURPHY AT WORK
I should know better than to try writing this
during a thunderstorm. Power went down for a half
second brownout, and my terminal lost touch wMh the
computer. Had to work a bit to save most of the file
from memory where some of It got scrambled. Maybe
someday I'll have a standby power unit for such times!
Having had the power down reminds me that I've been
wanting to let my readers In on two additions to
Murphy's laws that I've come up with. The first Is
Anderson's law of lost tools. It Is stated as follows:
You will not find the tool you are looking for today. You
will Instead find the tool you were looking for last
week, but only If you have meanwhile bought a
replacement for It.
The second Is called "The law of simultaneous
emergencies", the popular statement of which Is 'Why
does everything go wrong at once?'. Actually It goes
deeper than that. It Is stated:
The probability of an emergency occurring today Is
directly proportional to the number that have already
occurred.
There Is a corolary to this last law, called the
unevenness rule. It Is stated:
If you have 9 projects all stalled for the lack of one
major part In each, all the missing parts will arrive on
the same day. There Is little use trying to calculate
the probability of this happening since It Is almost a
sure 1hlng.
While I'm at It, I'd like to add Just one more. It
Is called "Anderson's good Idea law", it Is:
The best Idea for the solution to the problem at hand
10
68 Micro Journal
*tll occur the day after the project Is shipped. —
Corolary: When this happens, the probability of
repeaUng tha project will automatically go to zero so
that Hie good solution cannot be used. Enough of that
for now? Anyone else out there with some good ones?
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
I've lately seen some BASIC'S and a Pascal with
"extended Trig functions", which generally Include the
three not normally Included In BASIC. These are
Tangent, Arcsln and Arccos- If you ever need these, (I
have on two occasions), they are easily generated from
the others. The Pascal versions would be as follows:
FUNCTION TAN (X:REAL):REAt;
BEGIN
TAN := SIN(X)/COS(X);
END;
had extended conversations with Bob Bundy (author of
Stylograph), Ray Talbot (6809 Implementation of Fig
FORTH, and Kenyon Microsystems tFORTH), Al Jost
(Dynasoft Pascal), Tom Crosley (PIE), and a few others. I
met and spoke to Ken Kaplan (0S9), Dick Bartholomew
(Implementor of UCSD Pascal for 6809), and Dan
Farnsworth, who sells 6800/09 based business systems In
Florida, writing software for many business applications
In Assembler.
I was Impressed by Ihe GIMIX booth, at which
several systems were running 0S9, FORTH, PIE,
Stylograph, and a slick color graphics demonstration. It
appears that much good Flex and 0S9 compatible
software Is available In a version Hiat will run on GIMIX
hardware. The show Itself was overwhelming In size,
mostly the larger manufacturers and their large
computers and peripherals. GIMIX and Smoke Signal were
about the only SS-50 suppliers represented. It was a
thoroughly enjoyable experience.
FUNCTION ARCCOS (X:REAL):REAL;
BEGIN
ARCCOS := ARCTAN (SQRT<(I-SQR<X»/SQR(X)»
END;
FUNCTION ARCSIN (X:REAL):REAL;
BEGIN
ARCSIN := ARCTAN (SQRT(SQR(X)/(1 -S0R(X»)>
END;
The latrer two are based on Hie fact Hiat SQR
(SIN(X» + SQR (C0S(X)) = 1. Thai- Is, for any angle, the
square of Ihe Sine plus the square of the Cosine Is
equal to 1. Further, the Sine/Cosine Is the TANGENT,
which we need If we are to use the Arctan function. The
same sort of thing con ba done defining functions In
BASIC, of course, but the naming of the functions Is not
quite as handy. Note 1tiat In Pascal, SQR Is tha square
function, and SORT Is Hie square root function.
NCC SHOW IN CHICAGO
Assuming that I am farther ahead than most
everyone else who Is writing for '68', I guess you have
all read about NCC by now, but here's my report from a
point of view probably different from thar of the others.
On Monday night prior to NCC I received a call from
Richard Don of Glmlx, who asked If I planned to attend.
He Invited me to his home for dinner on Sunday evening.
Indicating tliot there would be some people there whose
software I had evaluated. I asked "do I dare?", and we
decided that I was probably big enough to defend myself
adequately. You may not realize that a favorable review
from me may have been proceeded by several
conversations with the supplier regarding what I see as
bugs. As I mentioned In a previous column, the suppliers
come Hirough and make Improvements In their products.
However, I am not always very diplomatic In my
critiques, and I certainly have managed to offend some
of the authors.
With this background, you might Imagine that I
had some reservations about being surrounded by the
folks on whom I have been very hard. I accepted the
Invitation and arrived at the Northbrook Sharaton at
about 5:30 P.M. on Sunday. Shortly, I received a call
from Don Williams asking If I wanted to ride In his van
over to Richard Don's for dinner. I accepted and we
headed off In a group for Richard's house.
The evening was most pleasant. Richard Is a
great 1 host. How he managed to keep everyone's name
straight, I don't know. There were probably at least a
dozen people there thar he hod never met previously. I
READER RESPONSES
My May '68' arrived In the mall while I was away
for the show. With It were three letters, two of which I
would like to comment on. They both dealt with my
"Challenge" In the May column. It seems that my lack of
an advanced degree, or perhaps 1he antiquity of my
Engineering education (I call It B.C. for Before
Computers), has left me unaware of some areas of
mathematics. Peter Stark sent me copies of several
pages of his book "Introduction to Numerical Methods"
published by Macmllllan Company. It would seem that
there Is a rather straightforward method for
calculating 1he best coefficients for a truncated series
approximation. Peter has written about It In his book. It
Involves the use of Chebyshev Polynomials, to which I
had not been exposed In my Engineering math courses.
The second letter made some comments
regarding my criticism of FORTH, probably well
deserved, and then Indicated that there are available
solutions to the error mlnlmlzetlon problem that I had
posed. The writer missed my point Just a bit. He said
"The U.S. Department of Commerce 'Handbook of
Mathematical Functions' gives a number of the
approximations which you want. These might be easier
than trying to duplicate the work." I thought I hod made
It clear 1tiat I had the approximations 1hat I needed, but
Ihought you might find It enjoyable to look at these
approximations and perhaps find some ways to arrive at
them.
This might have been a rather dumb project
since the techniques for solving It analytically are
known and trial and error solutions are not required,
(though I didn't know that' when I posed the problem).
I've since 1hen received a couple of other letters from
readers with sets of coefficients for these functions.
Most all have said exactly 1tie same thing, that these
solutions are avllable In standard reference books.
Though I must plead Ignorance In this case, l
musr say that In general I don't think re-lnventlng the
wheel Is necessarily a waste of time. I frequently start
from Newton's laws and derive a solution to a problem
that I am working on, knowing that It has been solved
before. Frequently the equations 1hat I derive (or more
usually the act of deriving 1hem> gives me further
Insight Into the problem, that Is to say, I get more than
a solution out of solving It for myself. One of my recent
wheel re-lnventlon escapades resulted In an Insight
that reduced the electronics that had previously been
used by about 50$, and at ttie same time, revealed an
approach that may be used to solve other related
problems. I think the act of learning always Involves
some re-lnventlon. After all, In school, we spend much
of our time solving problems 1har have already been
solved.
*68" Micro Journal
11
I received Creative Computing for May today,
and find support for my position. See Pg. 66. Some
people build scale models of the Brooklyn Bridge using
25,000 toothpicks. !f we computer hobbyists find
pleasure and relaxation In re-lnventlng Sort algorithms.
Random Number generators. Trig Function
approximations, or Prime number finding algorithms, why
not do It? At any rate, I've ended up learning a
technique that I didn't know existed before. Thanks to
all "answerers" for the Information.
Oh yes, I almost forgot. Seems that a few people missed
my disclaimer about my own spelling, and Jumped on me
for a couple of dumbs In my paragraph regarding spelling
In the May Issue. It seems that I spelled the
abbreviation etc. properly, but misspelled et cetera the
latin words for which It Is an abbreviation. An anonymous
post card Informed me of this, adding ttiat " — this Is
elementary high-school-level Latin". Sorry fella, I took
Spanish. Oh, by the way "Kudzu" if you are going to be
critical, how about signing your real name? Besides, you
missed my other favorite ttiat I have been spelling wrong
(but consistently). I've been using "persue" rather than
the correct pursue. Sorry about that.
Perhaps I should take this opportunity to Jump
on Don Williams a bit, since he didn't publish the listing
for my "Puzzle" or for the Sine series problem. In
addition, somehow his text processor changed my up
arrow so that X(up arrow>3 became XCTRL-3 which makes
no sense at all. In other places In the same text It
became Xpwr3 which does make sense.
Ed's Note: * Recently tFORTH and associated software
has been returned to Dr. Ray Talbot for his personal
attention and marketing. (See advertisement back cover
- this Issue) I personally feel that this Is a good move,
as Dr. Talbot Is a 'real' pioneer In this particular field
and Is one of the world's foremost authorities' on
FORTH. I have heard nothing but GOOD reports from
those using FORTH.
As to ttie spelling errors: It Is and will continue to be
the policy of 68 Micro Journal to keep things as
"ACCURATE AND INFORMAL" as possible. This Implies tttat
occasionally you will not only find words that are spelled
wrong but you will also find grammatical errors sprinkled
about. Vou will have to admit, 68 Micro Journal has
experienced LESS errors In technical content than most
any other computer magazine, bar none. My Instructions
are: If It makes sense, leave It alonel My staff could
correct many small and non-Important spelling and code
errors, but In some cases they could change the Intent
or meaning of material that we received on disk text
flies, printer print outs and other sources. Soooo..we
leave most of the nlk-plk stuff alone, unless It would
devaluate the useful application of the subject
material.
UNDERSTANDING SUBROUTINES
PART 3 — ADVANCED TOPICS
John F. Wakerly
Micro Systems Engineering
257 Castro Street, Suite 2E3
Mountain View. CA 94041
John Wakerly is an independent consultant and a con-
sulting associate professor at Stanford University. This three-
part tutorial on subroutines in Pascal and 6809 assembly
language is adapted from his recently-published book.
Microcomputer Architecture and Programming, copyright
1981. with permission of the publishers. John Wiley & Sons.
Inc. (The book is also available directly from the author at
MSB Books; see advertisement elsewhere in this issue.)
12 .
In the First two purls of this scries we discussed sub-
routines and parameters in Pascal and in Motorola 6809 as-
sembly language. Now we continue with the advanced topics
of recursion and coroutines.
RECURSIVE PROCEDURES AND FUNCTIONS
A procedure or function that calls itself is said to be
recursive. The Pascal factorial function from Table R in Part I
of this series is redefined below as a recursive function:
FUNCTION Fact (1 : integer) : real;
BEGIN
IF 1 <= I THEN Fact :« I
ELSE Fact := 1 * Factli-1);
END;
Essential to this detlnition ie a basis part that defines Fact <i)
to be 1 for any i<=1. For larger i. Fact(i) is defined to be
the product of i and Fact<i~1> . For example, to compute
Fact (5) we must first compute Fact (4) . which depends on
Fact (3) . which depends on Fact (2). which depends on
Fact(1) . The basis pari eosures that we eventually reach a
value of i for which Fact (i) does not depend on Fact (i-1) ,
so that we can eventually terminate the recursive calls of
Fact.
The example above illustrates simple recursion, using a
procedure that calls itself directly. It is also possible for a
procedure to call one or more intermediate procedures that
eventually call it. This is called indirect recursion and is illus-
trated below.
PROCEDURE ProcA (x, y
BEGIN
integer) ;
ProcB(a); (Call ProcB)
END;
PROCEDURE ProcB (z : integer);
BEGIN
ProcA(b,c); (Call ProcA)
END;
Since Pascal requires a procedure to be defined before it
is called, the above program fragment is syntactically incorrect
as it stands. The programmer must inform the compiler of the
forward reference by placing the following declaration before
the dclinition of ProcA:
PROCEDURE ProcB (z : integer); foiward;
Thc directive "forward" takes the place of the block that is
noimally required in the syntax of Figure 3 in Part I . It alerts
the compiler that the block defining ProcB is coming later. The
parameter list is included in the forward declaration so that
statements that refer to ProcB can be checked and compiled.
Later, body of ProcB may be defined in the normal way. ex-
cept that the parameter list is not repeated.
Block-structured languages such as Algol and Pascal
allow all procedures and functions to be called recursively.
Unstructured languages like Fortran usually do not permit re-
cursion. Some BASICs allow recursion, others do not.
The recursive function definition above may be clever,
but the iterative solution in Table 8 in Part 1 may be more
efficient. In general, problems that have easily-stated iterative
solutions are best solved iterativcly. Recursion should be re-
'68' Micro Journal
served for problems (hat are most clearly stated recursively or
that huve no obvious iterative solution. An example of such a
problem is given in the next section.
RECURSIVE SUBROUTINES
Recursion can be utilized in assembly language Sub-
routines, but it places constraints on the subroutine calling and
parameter passing conventions that may be used. Return ad-
dresses, parameters, and local variables may not be stored in
dedicated, static locations, because they would be wiped out
the first time that the subroutine recursively called itself. In-
stead, a new area for the return address, parameters, and local
variables must be allocated on each recursive call, and deallo-
cated on each return. Hence, a pushdown stack is the appro-
priate data structure for storing these items.
A subroutine that stores its return address and all
parameter! and local variables using a stack convention such
as the one in Pan 2 can be called recursively without error.
This explains why Pascal procedures can call each other recur-
sively, and Fortran subprograms cannot: Fortran normally
uses static memory allocation for parameters.
A pair of recursive subroutines can be used to analyze
the game of NIM. a two-person game that begins with a heap
of sticks. The players alternately remove sticks from the heap;
the player who removes the last stick loses. The game is fully
characterized by two parameters: NHEAP is the number of
sticks initially in the heap, and NTAKE is the maximum number
of sticks a player may take on each turn, the minimum being 1.
We would like to write a program that determines, given
nheap and NTAKE, whether or not an intelligent first player
(Pi) can always win by making optimal moves. In oider to
foimulate a recursive algorithm to make this determination, we
first define a winning position for P1 :
(1) If it is Pi's turn and there are no sticks left, then the
second player <P2) has just taken the last stick. This is a
winning position for Pi .
(2) If it is Pi's turn and there is at least one winner among
the new positions obtained by taking I to
minimum (NTAKE, STICKSLEfT) sticks, then Pi can take
the appropriate number of sticks and eventually win. This
is a winning position for Pi .
(!) If it is P2's turn and there are no sticks left, then Pi has
just taken the last stick. This is not a winning position for
P1.
(4) If it is P2's turn and at least one of the new positions
obtained by taking I to minimum (NTAKE, STICKSLEFT)
sticks is not a winner, P2 can take the appropriate
number of sticks to keep Pi from winning. This is not a
winning position for Pi .
Steps I and 3 above form the basis paits of two recursive
subroutines, piturn and P2TURN. that call each other. Each
subroutine determines, given NTAKE and STICKSLEFT . whether
or not the current position is a winning position for Pi , assum-
ing it is Pi's or PZ's turn to move. The subroutines are coded
in 6809 assembly language in Table I. Input and output
parameters are passed in registers, and local variables are
saved in the stack at the beginning of each subroutine and
restored on exit. A program can initialize NTAKE to any desired
value and call PITURN with the initial heap size in register A to
determine whether or not the game is a guaranteed win for an
intelligent first player, as in the example below.
IDA 15 Takl 5 stick* maxima at a tine.
STA NTAKE
LOA 130 Can I win starting with 30 sticks?
JSR PITtiRN
BEO IWIN
itOSE ...
IWIN
Recursive programs often perform a tremendous amount
of useful computation with relatively little memory. For exam-
ple, the NIM subroutines are short, they have only one global
variable (NTAKE). and they never have more than about
4 nheap bytes on the stack. Yet called with kheap = 30 and
NTAKE = 5, the two subroutines are executed a total of
1,687,501 times. Try to figure out whether Pi won or lost that
game yourself!
COROUTINES
So far we have discussed subroutines in the context of a
master/slave relationship — a calling program (master) calls the
subroutine (slave), which executes from beginning to end and
returns to the calling program. In Pascal, subroutines (proce-
dures and functions) are to subservient that they aren't even
allowed to remember their own local data between successive
calls. Coroutines replace this master/slave structure with a set
of cooperating program modules with no identifiable master.
Consider the following problem statement by R. W. Floyd*:
Read lines of text, until a completely blank line is
found. Eliminate redundant blanks between the
words. Print the text, thirty characters to a line,
without breaking words between lines.
This problem statement describes the operation of a simple
text formatter. According to Floyd, novice programmers take
an unreasonably long time to solve this problem using typical
programming languages. Even though both input and output
are naturally expressed using levels of iteration, the input and
output iterations do not mesh, which can make controlling the
input and output an "undisciplined mess."
The problem can be solved naturally by decomposing it
into three communicating coroutines for reading input charac-
ters, assembling them into words, and printing words, as
Hnpu A » C«tCh*( r
C*tWoid
^Q
FIGURE 1 Three coroutines lor text formatting.
Figure 1. The GetCnar coroutine reads input charac-
ters and detects blank lines. CetWord assembles words and
discards spaces, getting individual characters from Getchar
and passing complete words to PrintWord. The PrintWord
coroutine formats words onto lines according to the the line
length limit.
EXTENDED-PASCAL COROUTINES
In order to study coroutines in more detail, we shall ex-
tend the syntax of Pascal to include coroutines. We'll use a
new reserved word "COROUTINE" to define coroutines and a
reserved word "RESUME" to call a coroutine. When a coioutine
is "resumed" for the first time, execution is started at its first
statement. Once entered, a coroutine Cor1 may be temporarily
suspended by the statement "RESUME Cor2". which transfers
control to Cor2, another coroutine. Now the statement "RE-
68' Micro Journal
.13
SlMECorl" will leave Cor2 and continue execution of Cor 1 at
the point just after Corl called Cor2, not back at the begin-
ning. Table 2 illustrates.
Table 3 defines the coroutines GetChar. GetWord, and
Printword for formatting text.** An important difference be-
tween coroutines and standard Pascal procedures is that
coroutines must preserve the values of their local variables
between successive calls. Thus blankLine in GetChar "re-
members" whether the line so far has been blank, and column
in Pr intword remembers the current output column number in
order to properly handle the next word.
Each of the coroutines in Table 3 has been written inde-
pendently as if the other coroutines were its subroutines. For
example. GetChar reads characters and passes them to Get-
Word: it also translates an end-of-line condition into a space
character for GetWord. looking from another point of view.
GetWord calls GetChar from two different places to get a
character, totally unaware that GetChar may actually be re-
sumed in either of two different places.
Coroutines GetChar and GetWord contain endless loops,
and may appear to never terminate. However, GetChar passes
a blankLine flag up to Printword. which eventually returns
control to the main program.
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE COROUTINES
In order to program coroutines in assembly language, we
need to save a "resumption address" for each coroutine.
When Corl resumes Cor2. it should save the current value of
the program counter in a memory location RES1 and jump to
the address contained in a memory location RES2. Now Corl
may be resumed by jumping to the address that was saved in
RES1.
If a coroutine Corl in the 6809 calls Cor2 by JSR COR2
and vice versa, then the following statements may be used to
link the two coioutines:
COHl PULS Y Save Cor2's resumption address
STY RIS2 in RES2.
JMP [RES!] Jtnap to Corl's resumption address.
COR2 PULS If Save Corl's resumption address
STY RES1 in RES1.
JMP 1RES2] Jump to Cor2's resumption address.
RES1 RUB 2 Storage for Corl's resumption address.
RES2 RUB 2 Storage for Cor2's resumption address.
Notice that the JMP instructions use indirect addressing. All
that remains is for the values stored in RES1 and RES2 to be
initialized when the program is started, to the address of the
first executable instruction of each coroutine.
The line-formatting coroutines in Table 3 have been
coded for the 6809 in Table 4. A macro COLINK is defined at
the end of the program to generate coroutine linkages. In gen-
eral, the coroutine linkage instructions must take into account
both the coroutine that is being suspended and the one that is
being resumed. For example. GetWord can be resumed from
both GetChar and Printword and so two different linkages are
needed. However, notice that there is still only one resumption
address for each coroutine.
COROUTINE APPLICATIONS
Coroutines find their most common application in pro-
grams that read inputs, peiform some transformation, and pro-
duce outputs, as shown in Figure 2(a). Because of the analogy
14
with electronics, such programs are often called filters; some-
times filters are cascaded. For example, the following tillers
might be applied to a text file to find spelling errors:
(1) Remove all punctuation and reformat the text so that
each line contains only one word.
(2) Remove all words that consist of only upper case letters
(assuming that they are acronyms or mnemonics).
(3) Translate each upper case letter into the corresponding
lower case letter.
(4) Lx>ok up each word in a dictionary and output all words
that are not found.
A program could be devised to peiform these tasks one at a
lime, producing three temporary files that pass the results of
one filter to the next, as shown in Figure 2(b). Alternatively.
the program could be organized as four coroutines as shown in
Figure 2(c). In the first case, the individual filters can be exe-
cuted at different times and therefore can be fit individually
into a small memory. In the second case, the coroutine struc-
ture avoids the extra file space and processing time associated
with reading and writing temporary files, at the possible ex-
pense of requiting a larger program memory.
hnpui] *> Progrmr*, i » (Piig vi
ffil. ij p Prosnm 1 W» i\
fFil* 2J > Progum 3 M Fta 3J
(Fito a) * Piofliam » *^>ulj>ui)
(ifipur) — * Cofomikw T -* rofou^nt 2 "■*■ Coroulino 3 — * Co«oulin« * ^^putpul)
FIGURE 2 Filters and coroutines: (a) a simple filter:
(b) a cascade ol filters using intermediate files: (c) an equivalent
coroutine structure.
TABLE 1 Recursive subroutines to analyze the game of NIM.
* Subroutine P1TURN determines if the current position
* is a winner, given OTAKE (a global variable) and
* STICKSLEFT (passed in register A) , assuming that it is
* Pi's turn to move. P1TURN saves registers A and B on
* entry, restoring them on exit. The result is returned
* in condition bit Z: 1 if a winning position, else 0.
P1TVRN PSHS A,B Save registers B and A on stack.
TST A Any sticks left?
BEQ WIN Return with 2-1 if none (we wonl).
LOB NTAKE B :■ maximum I of sticks to take.
BRA P1L2 Jump into loop.
P1L00P JSR P2TURN Co we have a winning position?
BEQ WIN Found one, nark this a winner.
OECB Otherwise, try to take a stick.
BEQ LOSE Lose if we've tried NTAKE sticks.
P1L2 DECA Also lose if no nore sticks left.
BGE PI LOOP
LOSE PULS A.B
CLRZ
RTS
WIN PULS A.B
SETZ
RTS
Restore A and B from stack.
Return with Z-0 (not a winner)
Restore A and B from stack.
Return with 2-1 (a winner) .
68' Micro Journal
* Subroutine P2T1JRN determines If the current position
* Is a winner, given MTAKE (a global variable) and
* STICKSLEET (passed In register A), assuming that It is
* P2's turn to nove. P2TURN saves registers A and B on
* entry, restoring them on exit. The result Is returned
* In condition bit 2: 1 If a winning position, else 0.
* Exit code Is shared with P1TURN.
P2TURN PSKS A, 8
TST A
BEQ LOSE
LDB NTAKE
BRA P2L2
P2LOOP JSR PI TURN
BNE LOSE
DECS
BEQ WIN
P2L2 DECA
BGE P2LOOP
BR WIN
«
NTWE RMB 1
Save registers B and A on stack.
Any sticks left?
Return with 2-0 If none (we lost) .
B :•> maximum I of sticks to take.
Jump into loop.
Do we have a losing position?
Found one, mark this a loser.
Otherwise, try to take a stick.
Win if we've tried NTAKE sticks.
Also win if no nore sticks left.
Max t of sticks to take (global) .
'"The Paradigms of Programnu'ni." Comm. ACM, Vol. 22. No. 8. August 1979.
pp. 455-160.
TABLE 2 Two coroutines.
COROUTINE Corl;
BEGIN
RESUME Cor2;
RESUME Cor 2;
RESUME Cor2;
END;
COROUTINE Cor2;
BEGIN
RESUME Corl;
RESUME Corl;
RESUME Corl;
END;
TABLE 3 Line-formatting program using coroutines.
PROGRAM Format (Input, output) ;
[ Tills program reads lines of Input text until a
completely blank line is found. It eliminates extra
spaces between words and then packs then on output
lines with a maximum line length of 30 characters,
never breaking a word in the middle. Words longer
than 30 characters are truncated.
i
CONST llneLen - 30;
VAR InChar: char; {Pass chars from GetChar to Getword)
wordBuf: ARRAY (1 . .llneLen] OF char; {Accumulates
words and passes them from GetWord to PrintWord)
wordPnt: integer; {Index of last valid char in wordBuf)
blankLlne: boolean; (Set true when blank line is read)
COROUTINE GetChar;
BEGIN
REPEAT (forever)
blankLlne :■ true; read (InChar) ; ('read' sets ...)
WHILE NOT eoln DO (... eoln true at end of line.)
BEGIN
blankjline :- false;
RESUME GetWord;
read (InChar) ;
END;
{A space is needed to flush last word on a line.)
InChar :- ' '; RESUME GetWord;
UNTIL false;
END;
COROUTINE GetWord;
BEGIN
REPEAT (forever)
wordPnt :■ 0;
REPEAT (Skip spaces.)
RESUME GetChar;
'68' Micro Journal
IF blankLlne THEN RESUME PrintWord;
UNTIL InChar <> ' ';
REPEAT
IF wordPnt < HneLength THEN
BEGIN
wordPnt :■ wordPnt + 1;
wordBuf (wordPnt) :■ InChar;
END;
RESUME GetChar;
UNTIL InChar - • ';
RESUME PrintWord; (Got a word, go print it. I
UNTIL false;
END;
COROUTINE PrintWord;
VAR column, 1 : Integer;
BEGIN
column :<■ 0;
RESUME GetWord; (Get first word.)
WHILE MOT blankLlne DO
BEGIN (Read and print a word.)
(Will the word fit, Including an extra space?)
IF column = THEN (Do nothing.)
ELSE IF coluantuordPnt+l <- HneLength THEN
BEGIN wrlteC '); column :» colucn+1 END
{Start a new line if word doesn't fit.)
ELSE BEGIN writeln; column :- END;
FOR 1:=1 TO wordPnt DO {Print the current word.)
BEGIN write (wordBuf [i)J j
column :■ column* ' END;
RESUME GetWord; {Get next word.)
END;
writeln; (Finish last line and return to Main.)
END;
BEGIN (Main Program)
Prlntword;
END.
TABLE 4 6609 version of line-formatting program.
ASCII space.
ASCII carriage return.
Maximum output line length.
Word buffer.
Blank-line flag.
Output column number.
Temporary storage for X.
Stack area.
Stack initialization address.
COROUTINE GetChar — returns a character in A.
ORG
$2000
SPC
ecu
$20
CR
EQU
SOD
LINELN
EQU
30
WRDBUF
RMB
LINELN
BLANK
RMB
1
COLUMN
RMB
1
XTEMP
RMB
2
STACK
RMB
20
STACK E
EQU
*
GCHRIN LDA fSFF
STA BLMK
GCHR1 JSR READ
CMP A |CR
BEQ GCHRS
CLR BLANK
GCHR2 JSR GCTMSOG
BRA GCHR1
GCHR5 LDA ISPC
JSR GETWRDG
BRA GCHRIN
Assume we have a blank line unless
we get a nonspace.
Read a character.
Is it the end of line?
No, not a blank line.
Give the character to GETWRD
...and do some more.
At end of line, force a space
and give 1 t to GETWRD.
Go read more lines.
COROUTINE GetWord
OWRDIti
GWRD1
CMRD2
CURD 3
GWRD4
LOX 10
JSR CETCHR
TST BLANK
BEQ GWRD2
JSR PRTWRO
CMP A ISPC
BEQ GWRD1
♦LINELN
GWRD4
1,X
WRDBUF- 1
GEItHR
CMPA ISPC
BNE GMRD3
JSR PRTWRO
BRA GWRDIN
Set
Get
Hit
NO,
— puts a word in WRDBUF (1. -X] ,
index before start of WRDBUF.
a character,
a blank Une7
continue.
CHFX
BHS
LEAX
STA
JSR
Yes, resume PRTWRD.
Skip over spaces.
Is there room left in WRDBUF?
No, ignore character.
Yes, bump X to next buffer index...
X ...and put the char into WRDBUF.
Get another cheraeter . . .
...and continue processing until a
space character is found.
Now we have a word, go print it...
...and then get some more words.
15
*
COROtrTINE Prl
pmrdin
CM
COLUMN
PWRTJ1
JSR
cerwRDp
TST
BLANK
BNE
PWRD9
TST
COLUMN
BB)
PRTBUF
TFR
X.D
ACOB
COLUMN
CNPB
ILINELN-
BHI
PWRDS
IDA
<SPC
JSR
WRITE
INC
COLUMN
BRA
PRTBUF
FWRD5
JSR
WRITELN
CLR
COLUMN
PRTBUF
STX
XTEMP
IXIY
11
PRTB1
CMPY
XTEMP
BHI
PWRD1
LDA
WRDBUr-1
JSR
WRITE
LEAY
1,Y
INC
COLUMN
BRA
PRT81
PWRD9
JSR
WRITELN
RTS
MAIN
IDS
1 STACKS
LDX
IGWRDIN
SIX
GWRDRES
UK
IOCHRIN
STX
GCNRRES
JSR
PWCDIN
SMI
ntWord--prlnts word In WROBUFE1 . .X) .
Set output co limn to zero.
Get a word.
Hit a blank line?
Yes, exit.
No. are we in the middle of a line?
Print word now If we're at colunn 0.
Else get the word length (A,B :• X)...
...plus the nmber of characters so far.
1 Will word fit, Including a space?
Start a new line if it won't fit.
Otherwise output a space...
...and print the word.
Print CR and LF for a new line.
NCC 81
Print the word in WRDBUF.
Go process more words when done.
>Y Else print another character..
...binp Y to next buffer index..
...and update column number.
Print CR and LP for a new line.
Return to Bain program.
Initialize SP.
Initialize coroutine linkage.
Print words until blank line found.
Return to operating system.
COIINK MACRO FROM, TO Coroutine linkages.
PULS Y
STY FROM
JMP (TO)
EWM
•
GfiTCHR COLINK OfflDRES.GCHRRES
GETWRDG COLINK GCNRRES, OfflDRES
GETWRDP COLINK PWRDRES, OWRDRES
PKTWRD COLINK OWRDRES, PWRDRES
GOtftAES RMB 2
OWRDRES RMB 2
PWRDRES RMB 2
REFERENCES
Resumption address for GetChar.
Resumption address for GetWord.
Resumption address for PrintWord.
Recursive algorithms are discus. n! in Recursive Priy
gramm'mg Techniques by D. W. Barron [American Elsevier.
1968}. Programming Language Structures by Organick. For-
sythe. and Plummer [Academic Press. 1978]. also contains an
extensive discussion or recursion.
Coroutines and their relationship to multipass algorithms
are discussed in Programming language Structures and in
Knuth's Fundamental Algorithms [Addison-Wesley. 1973
(second edition)] The word "coroutine" was coined by M. E.
Conway and appeal's in his paper, "Design or a Separable
Transition-Diagram Compiler" [Comm. ACM. Vol. 6, No. 7.
July 1963, pp. 39b-408]. However. Knuth has found the con-
cept mentioned as early as 1954 in a UNIVAC "programming
tip."
Many examples of filter programs are given in Kemigrtan
and Plauger's Software Tools [Addison-Wesley, 1976]. The
idea of cascading filters appears prominently in the UNIX
operating system for the PDP-11 and other computers, where
such a cascade is called a pipe . UNIX's pipes effectively allow
a user to link together cooperating programs (coroutines) at
run time.
16
The National Computer Conference
(NCC) was held this year at the McCormlck
Place Convention Center In Chicago. Show
dates were May 4-7. While primarily a show
for larger manufacturers, this years
exhibits Included some of our own Standard
S50 Bus manufacturers and software vendors.
The crowds of domestic and overseas buyers
and visitors was large (75,000 so they say)
and the entire operations covered all three
floors, each about eight acres. The newer
generation micros were doing a landslide
business, or so you would believe from the
reaction I observed. Boy, but my feet sure
took a beating.
As detal led
this month (FLEX
last month in BIT
Cocklnos of Paris
far East, many
In Ron Anderson's column
USER NOTES) and report
BUCKET, pg 33, by Jacky
Radio, Australia and the
of our more popular
software vendors and engineers were showing
their products at the GIMIX double booth.
In fear of leaving someone out (as I did In
last years report of the Phllly show) I will
not attempt to name each Individual who was
there. Instead I will devote the space to
pictures and caption them as best as I can
rem em ber •
1. GIMIX had the largest booth of all
Standard S50 Bus vendors there. In the
center right to left Is Richard and Arlene
Don surrounded by visitors at the GIMIX
booths. In addition to the numerous other
vendors who were displaying their
hard/software at the GIMIX booths, GIMIX
was getting a big response to their new 5"
Winchester disk system and new CMOS ram
cards with battery backup. Ken Kaplan of
Mlcroware was continually swamped by users
and onlookers as he demonstrated Mlcroware's
0S9, multi-user, m u Itl -task I ng disk system.
Or. Ray Talbot 'father' of tFORTH was
also kept busy with repeated demonstrations
of his FORTH series for the 6809. Shelly
Epstein of Epstein Associates had some
fancy high-res graphics running on a color
monitor while Ken Kaplan was demostrating
other functions on a GIMIX system running
0S9. Both on the same system.
For the entire time that Joyce and I
were there the GIMIX booth was continually
^_'68' Micro Journal
crowded with onlookers. 1 Just might admit
that 1 got that smirk, time after time, as 1
heard show-goers remark, "Boy, the 6800
crowd has really gone to the front", or
similar remarks. For four or five years now
1 have been saying - Just you other fellows
watch outl It Is very satisfying to see the
Standard S50 Bus and 68XX vendors doing so
well. I put my money where my mouth was,
three years ago when despite all the
projections of failure by many on "the other
bus' that a 68XX magazine would never make
It. Well folks we have - and so has the
Standard S50 Bus and all those fine folks
who hung In there! 1 saw many, many systems
at this NCC that pale beside the average
Standard S50 Bus system. This ole dog don't
hang his tall, and the best Is yet to come.
2. SMOKE SIGNAL BROADCASTING was another
of the fine Standard S50 Bus manufacturers
who had a well manned (and girled (?)) booth
at the '81 NCC. Old 1 get It right, Ro n7
From right to left Is Deborah Conrad,
OEM and Dealer executive for SSB and Jim
Alday General Sales Manager. Rlc Hammond,
Smoke president was also thare but for two
days I kept going back to their booth but
Rl-
soi
lays i Kapr going oacx, to Their DooTn out
:lc was always 'gone off to close a deal' or
one other good something or another. SSB
las doing a busy pace demonstrating their
new 6809 systems and running some
Impressive applications software. Was told
that the 'official' disk system for the
Smoke series of computers was to be
Mlcroware's 0S9. Seems that the multl-user-
mu Itl-tasklng thing Is about upon us, an
none too soon. The minis will be hir
pressed to hold the line In the future.
3. SOUTHWEST TECHNICAL PRODUCTS was
represented at the Semi Conductor
Specialist's booth at NCC by the folks from
MICRO-POWER (Juggler game fame). At the
right the guy with a tie and fancy beard Is
Ed Evans of Micro-Power demonstrating a
SWTPC S09 system and the new 82I2W Word
Processing CRT Terminal. In the background Is
Paul Yamada, also of Micro-Power. Here we
also saw some fine applications running. It
seems that there Is a lot more business and
other software running (tested and proven)
that we do not hear much about. This corner
of the booth was active every time I went
by there and It Indicates that there were a
LOT of folks wandering around looking for
the type systems and software that was
running on "OUR" type machines. I heard and
saw nothing but good things. 1 went to the
NCC with some doubts, but came away
realizing that we are In the thick of
things. Despite all the prophets of doom 1
have had the misfortune to know over the
past five or six years, It Is apparent that
the Standard S50 Bus Is well and doing more
than Just kicking.
4. What7 this Is no NCC booth, actually what
It Is Is my office away from the office.
Complete with 110 volt ac power so I can
whip out this stuff anywhere 1 am. The
sweet thing waving Is my boss Joyce, for
over 36 years now she Is what has kept me
straight. Here we are parked smack dab In
the middle of the Rome, Georgia Airport.
Camped here for two days and video taped
an alrshow. Wondered what all those pilots
thought when they were landing and saw us
there between runways. Boy, life Is sure
rough In the wilderness. Couldn't think of
any place else to place this picture, so
Just stuck It In the middle of my rambllngs
on the NCC 1981.
While on the subject of shows,
thought I would mention something now that
1 hope can take place next year, June 1982.
Each year for the past three or four
years we (the whole CP1 family - 68 Micro
Journal - Data-comp - SouthEast Media) have
had a booth at the Atlanta Hamfest.
Computers are becoming stronger at this
show each year. Of all the shows we attend
(which are many) this one we certainly enjoy
the most! The crowds are heavy, and the
show Is short, 2 days a Saturday and Sunday.
The response we have received each year
has been more than good. Last year alone we
68' Micro Journal
17
talked to hundreds of 68XX users, at the
Atlanta Hamfest. This year we expect to see
and get an opportunity to talk to a lot of
readers and other old friends.
What I am about to suggest Is In my
opinion something that we as a group have
needed to do for some time now.
We need a 68XX m Inl-conventlonl
Atlanta Is an Ideal place to hold such a
meeting and those vendors and manufacturers
of Standard S50 Bus wares, that I have
discussed this with so far, feel that It
could be a good experience for all of us. In
fact we Just might want to do It every
year. Its up to you.
The hotel rates and the cooperation
of the management there has been the most
cooperative that 1 have seen anywhere.
There are many fine resturants and
sightseeing places very close by and the
show goers are the finest of any oree- Fact
Is the crowd Is drawn from alt over for the
hamfest. Booth rates are very reasonable
(best yet) and no monkey business about who
hauls your stuff In or plugs In your
extension cord. Northern shows are fine, but
the difference In prices and many other
considerations makes Atlanta a natural.
Well, give It some thought and then
let me know. If enough of you evidence some
Interest I am sure that we can get many of
the folks who show at other shows to come
and let us all see their new goodies. But
when It Is all said and done the best part
for me. Is getting to meet so many of you.
I don't mind admitting at all, that when I
think back over the past five or six years.
I realize that some of the finest folks I
have ever known are you, our readers and
loyal supporters. Sometimes as I talk to
some of you, or read your letters to us, I
get the feeling that we are more a
fraternal club than a computer magazine, and
that Just suits me fine. Thanks!
DMW
NEED $$?
More and more I am getting calls from
advertisers and others who are entering the 6809
market, who need some part time, off site help. Many
are pressed wltfi the need to have some Immediate
software projects completed. Right now I have a
hardware manufacturer who needs someone to write
some drivers, for one of the more popular 6809 disk
operating systems. An excellent opportunity for
someone to pick up a nice piece of quick Income.
Most of these projects can pay you well for a
weekend or two of code engineering. Fact Is I know of
many who started out doing this sort of thing, and now
work full time at It, for better than average
programmers wages. And best of all they never leave
home to go to work.
The primary points are that you develope
'GOOD' code and that you get the Job finished on time.
Of course you will have to have your own 6809 system to
work on. Also you should expect to maintain the code,
or at least take prompt care of any 'bugs' ftiat might
have slipped In. Your reputation will spread, good or
bad, and you will be surprised at the money to be made.
I have put about everyone I personally know to
work, still the requests come In for contract
programmers. Also occasionally hardware types, but the
main needs seem to be code engineers.
If you are Interested send me a short letter
and tell me what you have done and what you think you
can do. The money Is between you and the other party
so I don't need to get Into 1hat. Let me know what your
system consist of and what software fields you believe
that you can do a professional Job In. If I think you are
the person I will pass your name, address and telephone
number along and you may be getting a call. From there
on you are on your own!
If you are programming for some other company
that might be offended If you sold your services
elsewhere, then please DON'T get In on this because I
feel 1tiar we have to consider loyalty foremost. But If
you can, without conf llct, devote some spare time
toward earning some additional Income, please let me
know. If you are not a professional but a 'darned good
hobbyist' you Just might be able to fill the bill (I know
many who have), so you let me know also.
DMW
COLOR
For tlie past few months, as our TRS60 Color
Computer readers grow In number, we are receiving
more and more Items for the color computer, to review.
Therefore, we need those readers, who have
the Radio Shack color computer, wM-h 16K and extended
BASIC, who would like to become a 'reviewer', to drop me
a line. Tell me what you have (computers), some
background on your experience and most Important, how
fast you think It will take you to get an honest.
Impartial and accurate review of the product.
Remember, It Is no problem to get someone who will
review the documentation, we get too many of those kind
(which we do not publish). What I want Is a COMPLETE
review of the total package, nothing less!
In most cases your reward will be to KEEP the
product reviewed. This Is our standard policy for
reviews.
Some Items I want a novice to review. Especially
If It Is advertised 'as easy' to use or build. Other Items
I wont more professional and technical Input, but In
either case I can use some of you.
It has been the norm. In the past, tf at once I
gain confidence In a reviewer, I send them additional
Items to review. So If you do a bang up Job, promptly, you
will reap all kinds of rewards. If the products keep
coming In. if you are sloppy, and cannot turn out a
review that I can photo-reduce or copy, then It will not
work. Please remember. It Is VERY IMPORTANT to get a
review back promptly and above all accurate. The folks
who sent the Item for review need It published AS SOON
AS WE CAN! Reviews sell more products and help the
newcomers off to a much belter start.
So If you are Interested, let me know - soon.
DMW - - -
18
'68' Micro Journal
Osle L. Puckett
14753 Endsley Turn, Woodbrldge, Va.
Don Williams, Editor '66 Micro Journal
Dear Don,
22193
SURVEY
During the past several months we have made
several Improvements to the 6809 version of
REAOTEST. I hope you will be able to pass this
Information to your many readers.
READIEST Is now compatible with STYLOGRAPH text
files. It recognizes the comma as a text processor
command as well as the period and the colon used by
the TSC text processor.
REAOTEST now reports the percentage of personal
words and the number of affixes per too. These
figures were used before In the computation of
overall readability, but were not printed. They
give ttw writer more Infornarion to work with when
evaluating his writing.
REAOTEST now contains o routine that checks to
see If the user has left his FLEX width parameter
set to zero. If he has, REAOTEST now defaults to a
terminal width of 64 characters. If the user has
set his terminal width In FlEX, REAOTEST uses It.
An overflow condition that existed when
evaluating a text file that was very difficult to
read because It cont»li«0 more than 650 affixes, le,
1200 words with more than 57 affixes per 100 words,
has been eliminated.
A •typo that slipped Into the final source code
and caused REAOTEST to print the last part of Its
report twice every time a "DIFFICULT" message was
required has been eliminated. By the way, this
error never appeared In the 6800 code.
The 6809 version of REAOTEST now contains an
Improved word counting routine that completely
eliminates any ambiguity when confronted with a file
containing a mixture of slralght text and text
processor commands.
Finally, I would like to pass along one
FANTASTIC Idea forwarded to us by a READTEST owner,
Martin J. Petersen, Jr. of the Harris Corporation
Broadcast Products Olvlslon In Qulncy, III. Mr.
Petersen prints a copy of READTEST's report and
submits It with his manuscripts when he offers them
for publication. Me believes that this shows the
editor that he cares about his writing. I believe
he Is right.
Thanks for sharing this Information
readers.
Best Regards,
Dale
Support Our
with your
ADVERTISERS!
I have recently completed a survey of a
selected group of 68XX users. Not a strictly formal,
but a very enlightening survey. It was conducted mainly
by telephone, with a sampling from correspondence and
notes on subscription renewals (the ones that ask -
what kind of computer, etc.). The number of users
sampled gives me a belter plus or minus factor than
most other polls. Even though some aspects date back
two years or more, the ratio remains practically the
same.
The data I was most Interested In fell Into the
following categories:
Old -they feel that the 6600 Is obsolete? Did Ihey "think
that If Ihey could still purchase a good, fast low price
6800 system (2 mhz, 64K memory, disk, serial and
parallel Interfaces) would they be Interested? Did they
believe that a disk system was a 'must'? Of the following
which Is the most lmportant-prlce( ), qualltyC ),
support( ), service* ), brandnamet ), In order check I
thru 5? Is the system used for hobby< )-buslness( ),
check one or both? What make (manufacturer's name) of
computer? What processor 6800-6809-68000? What type
data storage system (tape - disk)? If disk, what size and
how many? If tape what type Interface? What Is the
primary and secondary use of the system? What
operating systems (tape - disk) was used? What
software (designer - application) purchased? What
software (designer - application) used? What software
(designer - application) available but not used? Old
they have any software that was a commercial Item but
they had not purchased? Concerning hardware and
software did they feel strongly concerning the
portability of software between different systems
Important? Would they refuse to purchase hardware or
software that was not completely compatible with
existing hardware and popular disk systems? If so why?
What they liked most about their hardware? What they
liked least about "their hardware? If they are going to
purchase more hardware. In the future, then who from
(dealer, make, type). What they liked best about their
software? What they liked least about "their software?
If they are going to purchase more software. In -the
future, then who from (dealer, make, type)? Of all "the
companies dealt whh on hardware, who gave the best
support? Why? Of all the companies dealt with
concerning hardware how would they rate them on
support, best thru worst? Of all the companies dealt
with on software, who gave the best support? Why? Of all
the companies dealt wllti concerning software how would
they rate them on support, best thru worst? Considering
the present supply of hardware and software available,
what would they like to have made available, 1har Is not
now. In the hardware and software line? Last but very
Important, whet did they think of the future of
computers as we now know them (bus, processor and
storage devices)? The last of course very general but
essential to form a 'gut' feeling of overall user
opinion.
Now, I have some fairly accurate figures for
the above survey, but I need to give all of you a chance
to tell me your answers to "the above also. So here Is
what I propose to do: If you will fill In the survey on the
reverse and send It back to me, here at 68 Micro
Journal, I will extend your subscription for one (1)
month. I know this Is not a lot but It just may help you In
some way In "the future. I know for a fact that most all
those who advertise and sell the computer -things we all
buy will be very Interested In what you report. All
replies must be received back by September 15, 1981 to
qualify for the subscription extension.
0MW
"68' Micro Journal
19
68OO-6809-6800O-ETC. SURVEY 1981
IS THE 6800 OBSOLETE YES< )-N0( )? IS A DISK SYSTEM A MUST TO 'YOU' YESC )-N0( )? DOES THE
68000 INTEREST YOU YES( )-N0( )7
If ¥00 COULD PURCHASE A FAST 6800 SYSTEM, FULL MEMORY, WITH DISK, SERIAL AND PARALLEL
INTERFACES- WOULD YOU BE INTERESTED YES( >-N0( )?
WHICH IS THE MOST IMPORTANT-PRICE! >, OUALITY< ), SUPPORT! ), SERVICE! ), BRANDNAMEI ), IN ORDER
FILL-IN RATING 1 THRU 5?
YOUR SYSTEM USE-8USINESS< ),H0B8Y( >-CHECK ONE OR BOTH.
SYSTEM BRANDNAME
WHAT CPU 6800( ), 68091 >,68000( ), OTHER) )7 WHAT TYPE STORAGE -T APE < ),DISK( ).
IF DISK WHAT SIZE AND MAKE IF TAPE WHAT BRAND INTERFACE
WHAT OPERATING SYSTEM-TAPE OR DISK WHAT MONITOR_
WHAT SOFTWARE PURCHASED
WHAT SOFTWARE USED
00 YOU HAVE ANY COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE THAT WAS NOT PURCHASED BY YOU-YESI ),N0( )?
00 YOU FEEL THAT SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE MUST BE COMPATIBLE BETWEEN DIFFERENT SYSTEMS AND
MANUFACTURE-YES< ), N0( )?
WHO GAVE YOU THE BEST SUPPORT-SOFTWARE-HARDWARE
IF
YOUR
ARE
GOING
TC
PURCHASE
HARDWARE
IN
THE
FUTURE
(DEALER
.MAKE,
TYPE)
IF
YOU
ARE
GOING
TO
PURCHASE
SOFTWARE
IN
THE
FUTURE
(DEALER,
TYPE)
WHAT 00 YOU LIKE BEST ABOUT YOUR SOFTWARE_
LEAST
WHAT 00 YOU LIKE BEST ABOUT YOUR HARDWARE_
LEAST
OF ALL COMPANIES DEALT WITH WHO WAS BEST
WHY?
OF ALL COMPANIES DEALT WITH WHO WAS WORST
WHY?
OF ALL COMPANIES DEALT WITH-RATE THW ALL-I THRU X-(1=BEST, X=WORST)
WHAT MEW PROOUCrS WOULD YOU LIKE TO HAVE AVAILABLE
00 YOU HAVE OTHER COMPUTER SYSTEMS? IF SO (NAME-CPU-ETC, )
ALL SPACES MUST BE COMPLETED TO QUALIFY FOR SUBSCRIPTION EXTENSIONI ALSO THEY MUST BE RETURNED
TO 68 MICRO JOURNAL BY SEPTEMBER 15, 1981.
PLEASE USE AN ADDITIONAL SHEET OF PAPER AND STATE WHAT YOU THJW OF THE FUTURE OF OUR
CC+PUTERS, BUS, PROCESSOR, STORAGE DEVICES, ETC.
20 _^_ '68' Micro Journal
MAKE SENSE ?
HOW TO WRITE DOCUMENTATION
John P. Tucker
POB 2696
Laredo, TX 7604 1
Or Oo As I Say, Not As i Do!
There are those of us, and na number
In the thousands, who hunger for good
software. There are those of you, and you
number In the dozens, w ho feed us veil.
And then there are those, both of
you, * ho document your software so that we
thousands know what Is going on*
In the past two months I have
received four excellent software programs.
Two of them are still In the desk drawer.
I'm trying to figure out what they are
supposed to do. The samples Included on the
disks run well; the documentation hardly
gives a clue as to the purpose of the
programs. The construction of files to run
within the programs Is still a mystery.
A third set of programs offers me a
superbly unique way of managing data files
— If I ever figure out what steps to take
In whet order, how to create and arrange
the data files In the beginning, and how to
get them "circulating" within the programs.
Again, the samples run beautifully, but the
documentation Is too sparse-
All three programs even furnish
listings of the source code. Were I a Source
Code Reader, perhaps the mystery would be
solved. But I am a Documentation Reeder.
That Is why the fourth program Is
such a Joy. No source code came with the
program. It cannot even be disassembled with
an ASCII disassembler. It seems to be
written partly In ASCII, partly In binary,
partly In decimal, and partly In Spencertan
Greek. Yet I can use the progre, with no
hesitation. The documentation leaves no
questions unanswered, gives hints and
pointers where required, and when I do
something unfor gl veable, It tells me so In
English, politely and concisely a r. -i
Informatively. Since this Is one of the mc»f
complex programs available, the
documentation must be written correctly.
The program Is TSC's Extended Precision
Basle.
Who was that screaming, "But that's
different! That's TSC I"?
Dadgum It all. It Is NOT dlfferentl You
can, end should — repeat, should — write
documentation equal to TSC's and Heethklt's.
You need to do so even more then those two
companlesl Yot don't have the time or
facilities to answer Interminable streams of
questions. Suppose you heve written the JET
DATA DEVELOPMENT AMD MANAGEMENT
PROCEDURES and offered them for sale. I
would certelnly hope that the documentation
would run something like this;
'68' Micro Journal . . __
The JET OD&M PROCEDURES are Intended
as an aid end system In developing files of
names, addresses, and personal data suitable
for creating mailing lists, ge neo logl cal
research files, personnel records and
directories for companies and civic
organizations, and even small Inventory
records. By prefixing each entry with what
Is known as a Key Symbol, these files can
then be sorted using any Key or any group
of Keys to list, omit, or arrange the output
as desired. Typical Key Symbols used as
prefixes are <further data and Information*.
STEP NUMBER ONE: Configure the
program to your computer and terminal. This
Is done by booting up Flex 2.0, assigning
your System Disk es #0 and your Working
Disk as #1 CS-0,W-1).
LEAVE NOTHING TO THE IMAGINATION
You then proceed to tell In complete
(COMPLETE) detail each change that Is
required. If you are trying to set up
cursor controls, tell the reader "On my
system, using an XZ-7121 terminal, to move
the cursor down three lines the command Is
ESCAPE;C. To move It to the right six
spaces the command Is ESCAP£;M,6" or
whatever Is correct. Then tell the reader
that "You change these commands by <celllng
up the menu and selecting C H ANGE>,<alterlng
the Beslc progrem at lines xxxx to yyyy>,
or whatever method Is used In your program.
Give details of what to change, where to
find the Information to be changed, and how
many changes total will be required!
And provide a simple little sample
program the user can run to test his
changes!
What's next? Does your program
require some dummy files to be on disk
before It can start running? Say sol And In
meny words! "Before the first operations can
be attempted, the following dummy files
must be placed on the Working Disk. A file
named <0UMM YXspecl f y extension) must be
created contalng the following entries (give
the entries EXACTLY); a second file. ..etc.
Where do we go from here? Do we
create text files? Tell us, "The next step is
to create the Text Files you will be using.
The very first entry on any Text File for
this system must be (whatever It must be).
AGAIN, ASSUME NOTHING!
Don't even assume I know how to save
a text file under your program. Remember,
you worked with thet program, you debugged
It (1 hope) until It runs like a fine watch.,
.at least, a good Tlmex, like I wear. You
know that program. You know each quirk and
entry mode. But, I don't know anything
about your progrem except that It Is on a
disk and came with a sheet of paper that
said, "Loed this program under Flex 2.0 and
run It." At least you told me It took Flex
2.0 — I have one on hand that must be
written In Jinx 7.25.
Or Pascal, which Is worse.
If you reelly want to learn to write
documentation, buy a .snail Heathklt for a
device that you know absolutely nothing
about. Read everythlnq Heath sends you.
21
There wilt even be a sheet on how to use a
soldering tronl Build the device, following
the Instructions to the letter. It will work.
Now, sit down and write me
documentation for your program. Each time
you make an entry on your keyboard, write
down what entry to make and why.
IMPORTANTI All of this Information
must be placed In a single section, totally
divorced from your explanations of each
segment of your program. Number the pages.
Let me start at Page I, doing little
exercises as I go along, and wind up at Page
X at least with a comprehension of what I
am trying to accomplish. Then perhaps., by
re-reading from Page I, I can refer to the
various sections of your well-written
program and know how to use It to Its
fullest advantage.
That separate section, standing alone,
Is a MUST In well-written program
(See the m I nl -tutorl al for
Editor. It has you editing text
why before you are even
ttie real power of the system.
documentation,
the TSC Text
and knowing
Introduced to
The power comes easily after that lesson.)
Do you want to sell twenty copies of
your program to twenty experienced
programmers, or do you want two thousand
copies In the hands of that many happy
users?
GET AROUND THIS PROBLEM. IF YOU HAVE A SOLUTION,
PLEASE LET THE REST OF US KNOW. YOU MUST ISSUE THE
•R' COMMAND BEFORE ANY OF THE OTHER COMMANDS
(EXCEPT *M'> WILL RESPOND. AS EACH SECTOR IS READ, ITS
LOCATION ON THE DISK IS ADDED TO A MAP TABLE FOR USE
BY THE OTHER ROUTINES. THIS TABLE IS RESET EACH TIME
THE 'R' COMMAND IS ISSUED.
N - READ NEXT SECTOR READS THE NEXT LOGICAL SECTOR
IN THE CHAIN THAT YOU STARTED WITH AND ENTERS ITS
LOCATION IN THE MAP TABLE. B - BACKUP READS AND
OISPLAYS THE LAST SECTOR READ BEFORE THE CURRENT
ONE. IT ALSO RESETS THE MAP TABLE.
T - DISPLAY SECTOR MAP TABLE THIS COMMAND READS
THE MAP TABLE AND DISPLAYS EACH TRACK AND SECTOR
READ .
D - DISPLAY COMMANDS
M - RETURN TO MONITOR MAY BE ISSUED WHENEVER THE
PROGRAM ASKS FOR A COMMAND AND RETURNS TO FLEX.
S - SAVE TO NEW DISK UPON SELECTION YOU WILL BE
ASKED TO TYPE IN A FILE NAME. UP TO 8 LETTERS CAN BE
USED. YOU MAY ALSO SPECIFY AN EXTENSION OF YOUR
CHOICE <3 LETTERS). DEFAULT EXTENSION IS '.BAC. A CR
WILL CAUSE THE SECTORS IN THE MAP TABLE TO BE
WRITTEN TO THE NEW DISK ON DRIVE 0. FLEX WILL
AUTOMATICALLY ASSIGN NEW TRACK AND SECTOR
LOCATIONS AS EACH SECTOR IS BEING WRITTEN. WHEN YOU
ARE FINISHED, YOU CAN THEN USE ANY OTHER
APPROPRIATE UTILITYS YOU HAVE ON THE RECOVERED
FILE.
You alone have the answer. Your
documentation makes either one possible.
CONCLUSION: Don't never assume that
nobody knows nothing about whatever.
DISKSAVE
DISKSAVE UTILITY JOHN CHAMPLAIN
THIS PROGRAM IS AN EXPANDED VERSION OF
•SECTOR', WHICH WAS WRITTEN BY BILL KNIGHT.AND
PUBLISHED IN '6B* MICRO JUNE 1980. THIS PROGRAM WILL
ALLOW YOU TO RECOVER DATA AND FILES FROM A DISK
THAT HAS LOST ITS DIRECTORY. I HAVE BEEN ABLE TO
RECOVER A COMPLETE DISK SUCSESSFULLY BY USING THIS
ROUTINE. IT DOES REQUIRE THAT YOU HAVE SOME
KNOWLEDGE OF HOW FLEX DISKS ARE FORMATTED. THIS
ARTICLE IS NOT INTENDED TO BE A TUTORIAL ON FLEX. IF
YOU HAVE A COPY OF THE FLEX PROGRAMMER'S MANUAL IT
WILL HELP YOU UNDERSTAND HOW THIS ROUTINE RECOVERS
FILES.
THIS PROGRAM IS CALLED FROM FLEX BY TYPING
•DISKSAVE'. NO OTHER PARAMETERS ARE NECESSARY.
AFTER THE COMMAND TABLE IS DISPLAYED ON YOUR
SCREEN.INSERT THE BAD DISK IN DRIVE /I AND A GOOD
DISK IN DRIVE #0. IT MIGHT BE WISE TO USE A BLANK DISK
IN DRIVE BUT IS NOT REALLY NECESSARY, JUST BE SURE
THE DISK YOU USE HAS ENOUGH FREE SPACE LEFT ON IT.
THE COMMANDS ARE:
R - READ SECTORS THIS COMMAND UPON ENTRY WILL
PROMPT YOU FOR TRACK AND SECTOR ADDRESS INPUT. IT
WILL THEN ASK FOR A DRIVE #. ANSWERS MUST BE A TWO
DIGIT HEX NUMBER FOLLOWED BY A CR. YOU CAN LOOK AT
THE DIRECTORY IF YOU WISH.BUT BE AWARE THAT THE
SECTOR MAY NOT BE READABLE AND THE DISPLAY MAY
NOT BE CORRECT. I HAVE NOT YET FIGURED OUT HOW TO
22 .
C - CHANGE DATA THIS ROUTINE ALLOWS YOU TO CHANGE
ANY DATA BYTE THAT YOU SELECT. PLEASE USE CAUTION
AS YOU COULD CAUSE DATA TO BE LOST.
I WOULD APPRECIATE HEARING FROM YOU IF YOU EXPAND
OR IMPROVE THIS PROGRAM. BETTER YET, WHY NOT SEND
YOUR CHANGES TO '6B' MICRO SO ALL CAN SHARE.
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INTEXT UTILITY
The IKTEXT utility Is a text entry
utility written for the 6809 operating
under FLEX" . In order to use the
utility your entry terminal must be
capable of sending each character as it
is entered and must support $08 as the
backspace character. INTEXT may easily
be rewritten for the 6800.
_23
INTEXT accepts character entries
and begins storing them in a buffer in
main user memory at $0200. The buffer
ends (as written) at $9FFF which gives
you a text capacity of nearly 41,000
characters. When you are within 256
characters of the end of the buffer,
you are given a warning and can then
write your text to disk. When the
INTEXT command is called it first
prompts for the maximum line length of
lines in the output file. It then
gives you a table of abbreviated
commands which may be inserted into
your text. These abbreviated commands
represent some commands recognized by
TSC's Text Processor (.SP, .SI5, .UL).
The abbreviated commands will be
expanded in the output file and
arranged for direct use by the Text
Processor.
You can now begin typing your
text. Just type away and do not worry
about entering any carriage returns.
When you have completed entering your
text, enter a CTRL C. INTEXT will then
prompt for the output file name
(default extension is .TXT). INTEXT
then begins processing the buffer. It
counts characters until it reaches the
line length limit. If that character
happens to be a space, Ihen INTEXT
substitutes a carriage return and
continues with the next line. If the
character is not a space, INTEXT backs
up until it finds the preceeding space
and substitutes the carriage return at
that location. It then continues
processing text from that point.
You may find that you need to
"clean up" the first line of the output
file as it may have an undesireri
carriage return. This happens if you
begin with one of the text processor
commands. The text processor commands
are as follows:
"=.SP
~=.SI5
_UNDERLINED_= UNDERLINED
The Text Processor commands may be
inserted alone or in any combination.
The INTEXT utility makes entry of bulk
text very simple. You can spend your
time looking at the copy you are typing
24
and not worry about when to type a
carriage return.
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'68' Micro Journal
.27
UNIVERSAL STATIC MEMORY
• 32K bytes-ROM, RAM, EPROM or a combination
if SS-50 A&C compatible with 16 and 20 bit address decoding
• Compatible with all SWTPC 6800 and 6809 computers
• 2.0 MHz -5.0 Volts only
This is the most versatile memory card you can
buy. Our S-32 may be populated with up to 32K
of static RAM. EPROM, or ROM, or any 4K
block combination of these that you may desire.
Any 5-volt 2716 pinout compatible memory
may be used in this card. Any 4K block of
memory may be jumper block programmed for
RAM or ROM use. This feature makes this the
ideal memory for those process control appli-
cations that require a mixture of ROM and RAM
memory. The board is fully compatible with all
SWTPC 6800 and 6809 computers.
The power requirement for the board is only
1.75 amps at 5.0 volts with a full 32K of RAM
installed.
S-32 Circuit card only $ 99.50
S3216 with 16K of RAM $295.00 ea.
S3232 with 32K of RAM $^95.00 ea.
SOUTHWEST TECHNICAL PRODUCTS CORPORATION
219 W. RHAPSODY
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS 78216 (512) 344-0241
WE HAVE A 6809 FOR YOU
POWER SUPPLY
Modular plug in construction with computer grade
filters and a 25 AMP rectifier bridge. Blower
fan is standard equipment. All con-
nections to the power line
are beneath the
safety shield.
INTERFACE
Convenient serial or parallel I/O cards have DB-25
connectors mounted directly on the circuit
board. Up to 16 interface devices may
be installed on the address decoded
I/O bus. Programming stripsare
provided for input and out-
put baud rate selection
on each port. All
outputs are
fully buf-
j fered.
CABINET
PROCESSOR
Rugged 1/8 inch alloy aluminum
base plate combined with a solid 1/8
inch alloy aluminum cover for unsurpassed
protection. All interior metal is conversion
coated. The cover is finished with a super tough tex-
tured epoxy.
The world's most powerful
eight-bit processor, the Motorola
MC68D9, plus 2K byte monitor ROM
that is 2716 EPROM compatible and full
buffering on all output lines. Built-in multiuser capability, just add I/O cards to operate a multi-terminal system
MEMORY— You can purchase the computer with either 8K bytes of RAM memory (expandable to 56K), or with the
"S" series 64K bytes of RAM memory expandable to 76S K.
PERIPHERALS-The wide rangeof peripheral hardware that is supported by the 6809 includes- dot matrix printers (both
80 and 132 column), IBM Electronic 50 typewriter, daisy wheel printers, 5-inch floppy disk system. 8-inch floppy disk
systems and a 16 megabyte hard disk.
SOFTWARE— The amount of software support available for the 6809 is incredible when you consider that it was first
introduced in June, 1979. In addition to the F LE X9 operating system, we have a Text Editor, Mnemonic Assembler, Debug,
Sort Merge. BASIC, Extended BASIC, Multiuser BASIC, FORTRAN, PASCAL and PILOT.
69/K Computer Kit with 8K bytes of memory $ 575.00
69/ A Assembled Computer with 8K bytes of memory $ 695.00
09/ Assembled Computer "S" series with 64K bytes of memory $1,595.00
SOUTHWEST TECHNICAL PRODUCTS CORPORATION
219 W. RHAPSODY
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS 78216 (512) 344-0241
«■» a
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PRODUCT ANNOUNCEMENT
HELP
A Data Retrieval Utility
By Dale L. Puckett
and Frank Hogg
HELP Is a data retrieval utility command
written by '66 Micro Journal Contributing Editor
Dale L. Puckett to save your time. No longer will
you need to spend hours digging through system
manuals looking for Information about the many
language commands and statements. It Is shipped
with two data files compiled by Frank Hogg
Laboratory, Inc. One covers every FLEX connand and
the other covers all TSC BASIC and EXTENDED BASIC
connand. Since HELP resides entirely In the FLEX
utility command area It may be called from other
programs.
Here Is a good example. Imagine you are
writing an article about the FLEX operating system
and you forget how to divert the output of a command
from the terminal to a printer. Since It's a piece
of Information you need for your article It would be
nice to be able to find It without thumbing through
a manual. If you are using an editor like
STYLOGRAPH which allows you 1o execute FLEX
commands, you need only go to the command node and
type +HELP P CCR>. The Information you need will
appear on the screen and control will be returned to
the editor.
Here's another example. Suppose you are
writing a BASIC program and you forget the syntax of
the PEEK command. You need only type, +HELP PEEK
<BASIC (CR> and you will have that Information on
the screen In front of you. After HELP reports,
control will be returned to BASIC.
Besides retrieving Information from the two
supplied data files, HELP also contains an
Interpreter which recognizes commands within the
data f I tes-
tis I NG HELP
There are three ways to cal I HELP from FLEX or
another program. Typing HELP (CO) will cause the
program to print a screen full of Information which
tells how to use HELP. It then asks you what you
would like HELP with?
Typing HELP MEMEND <Cft> will cause HELP to
search the default data file, HELPFILE.DIR for an
occurence of MEMEND. It then prints a definition of
the command and gives an example of the syntax which
should be used. Typing HELP PEEK <BASIC (CR) will
cause HELP to open the data file, BASIC. DIR and
search for PEEK. The desired Information will then
be printed on the terminal.
If you remenfcer the first letter or two of a
command but can't remember the entire command name
you need only use HEI.P's wildcard option. For
example, If you know your command starts with PR and
can't remember the rest, you can type H3.P PR7
HELP will respond by giving you Information about
PR, PRINT and PROT. Similarly HELP P7 would print
Information about every command that starts with a
P.
30.
HELP DATA FILES
It Is easy to prepare personalized data files
that contain Information you need to have at your
finger tips. In fact, we hope you will share any
data files you create with other HELP owners. With
the new doubla-sl.hi, double-density disks now on
the market and a little typing from a few HELP
users, we could all have a very valuable data base
at our finger tips.
HELP COMMANDS
HELP recognizes the following commands within a
data file: IF, INPUT, INPUT-YN, PRINT-SEARCH,
WILDCARD, PRINT-ON, PRINT-OFF and RESTORE.
IF compares the word In a target buffer
with the word following the command ">IF" In the
data file. If the word Is a match, the old data
file Is closed and the word following ">IF" Is moved
Into the FCB as a filename. That file Is then
opened for reading.
EXAMPLE: >IF PASCAL
I f you type "HELP PASCAL" or answer a prompt
with "PASCAL" and the the line above Is In the data
file. It will cause the 52d data file to be closed
and PASCAL. DIR to be opened for reading.
INPUT Issues a prompt which follows the
command. For example, ">INPUT What do you want
HELP with now?" would echo the prompt, "What do you
want HELP with now?" to the terminal and then call a
routine to enter your reply Into the program's
targer buffer.
INPUT-YN echoes a prompt and calls FLEX's
GETCHR routine. If It gets a "Y" or "y" for yes. It
prompts the user for another word. If not, It
closes all files and exits to FLEX or the calling
program.
PRINT-SEArtCH Is a routine that tells you what
HELP has been looking for when a match Is not found.
It Is handy In the case of typos. WILDCARD looks
for a match between your target word and anything
which follows It In the same line of the data file.
If there Is a match, the remainder of the line Is
printed. WILDCARD then returns to the main loop
with the print flag set.
PRINT-ON allows the author of a data file to
set HELP'S print flag. He can then print any
messages he deems necessary. PRINT-OFF does Just
the opposite and clears the print flog within HELP.
RESTORE Is a command provided to allow you to
rewind the file. It Is usually used at the end of a
data file and allows HELP to read through a file as
many times as required.
HELP Is available from FRANK HOGG
LABORATORY, INC., 130 Mldtown Plaza, 700 East Water
St., Syracuse, NY 13210. Phone: 315-474-7B56. It
sells for $29.9!
the harp. Soft conncctidn
Franclt limn
S Clta Struu
L -LUXEMBOURG /Europa
SU0JECT:Ho» to uaa t«o floppy-dlak controllars on a tarn
coapwtar, alloalng to work alth hard-»ac tarad
and aort .a«c torad dlakattaa.
1. INTRODUCTION:
Thraa yaara ago, thin floPey-dlak drlvaa and
thtlr controller* ahara it 111 an a»panslva aetarial. t
bought a PERCOa LFD4DQ lyitfli alth a alnola drlva; for
_'6B' Micro Journal
«95
that
Con
••cono orlv
f lie copy lng .
work as a
SKTPC SyStea.
the approplat
have oun
f oreldabla
Digital 1771
PERcnu** LF
F •null . co»P
For tunataly ,
Qlckagi . C«ll
50FTRAN. Ihla
allaaad ••
Sobs lonthi
ahlch gri
At tha ■••
phyilci taa
including t h
ad disk coht
far tha ba
■nao i tha MF
chip to run
D400 uiii
atlbllity I
PCHCDM tllui
ad TRANGFLCX
raasraueble a
to use a DOS -1th all lta
latar I upgraded by adding a
■tly eessd flla eeneglng and
t lea , tha school -hare I
Char acQulred a full f ladgad
a MF-68 dual drive ayitt* -ith
roller Ham everything -ould
but tnere reeained •
hti lyltia uiil the western
eoft-nectorad diskettee. and
a herd-sectoring eethod :
d In October 1979 « oraoree
end said nd wnoer the nut or
et of programs allo-S:
•to copy a FLEX sof t -sectored olakette on e haro-aec t ored
one
•to run FLEX soft-art. using e Flax version called PERCOM
FLEX. ahlch is the original FLEX tailored to fit the
LFO400 controller.
Alas, the -ey to compatibility ■■• still a one-way road:
It -ee no- possible to run FLEX on the PERCOU lyitu, but
copy Lng e rile fro* the hero -sectored diskette to a
•of t-oectorad one •■■ still leposslble. Upon inauiry
PERCOM *e oresideht iierold Mauch ens-eretf ae to replace the
9*TPC M-F-oB system by o PFftCDU CFO400: that man herdly a
convincing aay out of ay trauOlei!
Finally the eolwtlan to the problee ■■■ an easy one. but
involved sobs supplementary coat: T bought a Ur-6°
controller fro» SWPTC and wee no* taa controller* In my
co-outer (e SiTPC atiUO -odil). Tnls enables «a to run the
-hole set of aoft -sec tared FLEX sof t-ere . n -all as the
still useful PERCDW soft-are.
.' . I rn hardeere.
Tha neces
dlf farant
■ - L tch-coerd
electranlca
■)
Host of the 1
ere ooen col
together < -lr
1/-uole togg
completely t h
ho- the appr
ooard-adoa con
connector.
My original
three differe
provision Far
for the eoeen
hence the
decoding on
auoaleaentery
sery herd-are to connect the drives to t-o
ontrollars consists asaentlally of a
and tha connecting cables: no elaborate
re involved! (■•■ fig.) for the overel
lnes used In the Ja-lines flet ribbon cables
actor lines, end could be slaaly connected
ed-OR); I Chaptt. after eame trials. 1o use a
le seltch. -itch permits to disconnect
controller not in action. Figure 2 ahaas
ooriate signals ere located an the PERCnu
nectar and on tha uF -6tt A aphenol-Tuchel [AT]
PERCOM LF0400 board Paralts to select only
nt drive*, -harass the SaTPC controller has
using four drives: having only t-o drlvaa
t. tha 3-arivi capeolllty -aa enough for ae ,
2-upla s-ltch. If you -ant a fourtleae
the SBTPC board. It -ill be eaay to add •
eparoprlete e-ltch. for lnatence.
J. The prellalnery -ark.
Dorking alth tha t-o controllera la vry easy: elaaly
toggle the e-ltch to fltp froe one controller (end one
diskette -sort) to the other one .
fteelCally the transfer proceas -orke In the following
•the source-file to be transferred la edited on the
hero-aectarad disk
• the edited file Is do-n-loeded on a sof Cue t ored
kette. using the NAME instruction of tha TSC EDITOR.
ahen you boot FLEX there la one coapllcat Ion : FLEX looks
far the Halt oT available HAH. dvar-rltlng every aaeory-
locat Ion alth hen 09 . To prevent the destruction of the
Rah contents. one has first to aake a soacl e 1-purpoae
herd-aectored diskette -hich loads the PERCOMFLEX ee -ell
ee the original FLffX -Lthout doing tha noraal booting;
lata call that dieketta the NOHOOlOltiK. Hera Is the mmy to
aake It:
l.-S-ltch to the PEHCOM controller
-put a new, initialized hard -sectored diskette in tha
aecond drive
•load PERCrjMFLEX fro* thesyetea diskette In the
usual aannar
-eeve aeeory contente froe *A100 to *BFFF uaino tha
Instruction >2/SaVE PFLEX A10U BFFF A0U3
2. 6-ltch to the SaTPC controller.
P00t the original FLEX ( fro- It'l
soft -sector ad diskette. inserted In the first drive)
3. Seltch beck to the PERCOU controller and livi the
original FLEX under PERCCM'e 008 to the NOOOOTniSK:
2/SAVE FLEX A 100 RFFF AD03
NO* this N0B00T0I&K contains 2 FLEX versions; both
mmy oa loaded -lthout destroying Raw. contents.
That tar-in*taa tha preliminary *nrk: tha KOBODTOiSK will
68' Micro Joumaf
ba used each ti»e a tranafar froe a nard-sactored olakette
to 4 so' t-sac tared one has to be aads.
4. The tranafar froa Hard-sectored to Soft-sectored.
If the source file to be trensfarrad 1* a flla -rlttan
under PERCOU's uOOSxPLUS. you first have to aeke e
FLEX-coapatlble cooy uaing PERTOM-'a vnoSFLEX orogram
(Included In tha SOFTRAN peckeoejt
♦ ♦♦yDOSPtEX.nSSS. 1 .HELLO . TXT ihera OoSS la the PERCOM
for* at for tha drive end itirt -sector of the source file.
If the source file -aa -rlttan under PERCOUPLEX. this
translation process can ba oeltteo.
To aak« the tranafar. follow thaaa lmtructlont;
i. t-itch to the PERCrrv controller.
2. Load the original PE fiCOUFLEX (if not yet done) in
the usuel eenner.
3. Insert the hard-sectored diskette that contains the
source-file to oa transferred in the second drive.
To aeke things e bit aore clear. let's cell "HELLO"
thet file.
A, Load the file -ith the TSC EOITOR:
•♦♦EDI T.HELLO
b . Co back to the eonltor (for instance by oushlng the
HEbET button). He«ove the hard-sac tarad disk thet
contained "wELLO" and raptece it by tha NOOOnTni&K.
6. Load froa the NflBOOTDISK the FLEX, oy tyolnfl:
>i*/L FCEX (remember Tyou ere still using the PCRCtlM
control ler i )
7 . Juap to the -era -start addrees of tha FOI TOH by
typing >J u203
i, li-itch to tha SmTPC controller.
9 . he a ova the t-o herd -sectored diskettes; put an ori-
ginal FLEX syatea diskette {containing also tha EOITOR
in tha first drive, and an initialised soft -sectored
diskette into the aorklng drive.
it. Type the coaaends:
/T:wflirtt (You are in tha EOItOH: 1 oovil the
current line to the too. *M TC I coPlsa the -hale file to
the disk)
The EOITOR -111 ask: aH ] TF TO TAP* OR PI t* U;0 ?
you ensirer alth
No- the EtilTOR eaka: FrLtNnllE 7
Dive the proper naat, for Instance nELL0 1 (the nana
ehoula be different from the original f lle-nase I ) The
EDI TOM cop las no> the file lo the aoft -sectored
diskette.
1 1 .TRANSFERRING IS firME 1 (Nave o drink t)
>, roAsmts ■
This aay ■■■■ a soaaha- aeeey orocese. end indeed It is
not o very ahort one. Nevertheless, after becoming ac>
qualntad to the operations, a transfer can ba done In one
or t-o airwtea,
I could not figure out e eethod to transfer the coeelete
hard -sectored diskette to the soft-sectored one: It -ill
certainly be feeeible. end I ea grateful for every suo-
gast Ions .
There it yet another way to 00 tha transfer , end J use
this eethod lomtlnai ror ahort source-files: eeke a copy
of the flla on a punched -pepar tape.s-itch to th« iitfl PC
controller. and Incut the taps -1th the EniTOR il if It
-as typed from the keyboard. My old Olivetti T3lB
Terelnal -orka an a *1D baud-rate: if the EOITOR'* option
NUtiriEH OFr is used, the speed la Quite rlghtl However,
this Is e vwry tine end pepsr-tapa coasualno affair. end
iaoretlcal for large source files .
1 use thia coeblnatlon of two floppy controllera for over
half a year; thefr -aa not * single oroolaa until now. Aa
tha eoftaare evelelbla in the soft -sectored for set la
becoalng aore aboundant. I gradually shift eaay froa tha
hero -sectored forest to the other one. Nevertheless the
dual -con t roller -eethod askes this conversion aore
pelnleaa. and allow- aa to keep ellve ion vmry valuable
sort-are froa PERCTJM.
CORRESP0N0ANCE TARLE FOR THE FLAT RlflRON LINES
* j i ncati
&*Tpr
INDEX
051
052
063
NOT AVAILABLE
MOTOR
OIR
5IEP
•RITE OATA
•RITE GATE
TRACKO
PROTECT
REAO OATA
a
1U
12
Id
16
IB
20
22
2d
26
28
30
IP
DRlVEv
DRIVE 1
CRIVE2
DRIVES
MOTOR ON
OtRC
STEP
■ DATA
• GATE
TRKO
V PROTECT
R OATA
EE
CC
AA
Y
KK
i
U
s
p
M
GROUND: ACL ODD LINES
ORGUNDl UPPEfl PIN HOW
31
1
1
JXMl
Sit* 4
V*rt6
■ ■
CouvecrtX
Afr M4t£ towVCfUv?
frEtJ SwTlH -BOARD
( ^8ct/vC -UV£ AOT Sfieutv)
fSRCQM conwetme;
ilDTK. CavWot
Soft" Star
I/o*6
tiO*
i _ ' jw j a>. . ' j ■ in. i . ,■ , >t- ,". " . • ",,m I/if-. , - -■■■■■ ''■ »■•', .-in
TUCKti. M*l£
COMVffcreR
l e mw ci*
&OMD
_IIMIIMIIIIIII!L
.-..■>.'.<".■.: <j f » ¥ i
TXour (- coHfioMBur )
tOtjrKoUGR
THIS PROGRAM STORES DATA IN MEMORY ON A FIFO BASIS.
IT IS USEFUL FOR SUCH THINGS AS PRINT QUEUES AND
CRT TERMINAL CONTROLLERS WHERE DISCONTINUITIES IN
DATA FLOW CAN OCCUR. SUCH AS INTERRUPTS. BUFFER
SIZE IS ARBITRARY AS LONG AS MEMORY IS CONTINUOUS.
CAPACITY OF THE BUFFER IS ONE LESS THAN MEMORY
BECAUSE OF COINCIDENCE TEST NECESSARY TO DETERMINE
IF BUFFER IS FULL OR EMPTY, THE C REGISTER IS USED
AS A FLAG IN THIS TEST.
THE OPERATION OF A FIFO BUFFER IS SIMPLIFIED IF ONE
VISUALIZES IT AS WRAPPING AROUND ON ITSELF OR AS A
COMPLETE CONTINUOUS CIRCLE. WITH BUFFER END ADJACENT
TO BUFFER START. A SIMPLE TEST OF BUFFER END TO RESET
A POINTER TO BUFFER START JUMPS THE "GAP". YOU WILL
NEED FOUR ADDITIONAL BYTES OF MEMORY TO MAINTAIN
POINTERS TO THE ADDRESSES OF 'LAST CHARACTER IN' AND
•LAST CHARACTER OUT'.
* EQUATES!
QIN EQU S.,
QOUT EQU *..
BEGQ EQU *. .
ENDQ EQU *.,
ADDRESS- AST CHAR INTO QUEUE.
ADORESS-LAST CHAR OUT OF QUEUE >
ADDRESS-START OF BUFFER SPACE.
ADDRESS-END OF BUFFER SPACE.
» INITIALIZE QUEUE ON POWER-ON< RESET > ETC . t
LDX ttBEGQ
STX QIN
STX QOUT
RTS (OR CONTINUE)
*
* PUTQ - PUT CHAR INTO QUEUE. RETURN C=l FOR
* FULL QUEUE! C=0 OTHERWISE.
POINT TO LAST INPUT CHAR,
GO TO NEXT OPEN LOCATION.
RESET POINTER ACROSS GAP.
FULL IF QINSQOUT.
PUT CHAR INTO QUEUE. THEN..
UPDATE NEXT INPUT POINTER.
SHOW SUCCESSFUL PUT.
PUTQ
LDX
INX
QIN
CPX
NENDQ+1
BNE
PUTQ!
LDX
KBEGQ
PUTQ1
CPX
QOUT
BEQ
QFULL
STA A
O.X
STX
QIN
CLC
RTS
QFULL
SEC
RTS
»
*
GETQ -
GET A C
FOR EMP
GETQ
LDX
QOUT
CPX
BEQ
SEMPTY
INX
CPX
NENDQ+1
BNE
GETQ1
tBS *
ttBEGQ
GETQ1
O.X
STX
QOUT
CLC
RTS
QEMPTY
SEC
RTS
SET FULL FLAG.
CHARACTER FROM QUEUE. RETURN Csl
FOR EMPTY QUEUE I C=0 OTHERWISE.
POINT TO LAST OUTPUT CHAR.
EMPTY IF QOUT=QIN.
GO TO NEXT OUTP T LOCATION.
GET CHAR"FRQm QUEUE
POINTER ACROSS SAP.
THEN...
UPDATE LAST OUTPUT POINTER.
SHOW SUCCESSFUL GET.
SET EMPTY FLAG.
JIM CARAWAY
11 INWOOD CIRCLE
AUSTIN. TX 7fl7i»6
DEAR DON.
THERE ARE LOTS OF TRICKS OF THE TRADE THAT GOOD
PROGRAMMERS USE THAT ARE UNKNOWN TO MANY OF US
NEOPHYTES. LEARNING ABOUT AND USING THESE THINGS
15«£^ T „9E THE FASCINATION OF MICROCOMPUTERS.
»49MJ» OOES AN OVERALL SOOO JOB IN CATERING TO
THOSE OF US THAT ARE NOT PROFESSIONALS. LET'S
KEEP IT THAT WAY. AND NOT RUIN AN OTHERWISE GOOD
MAGAZINE LIKE THE POWERS AT 'BYTE' DID.
RECENTLY. WHILE REVISING A PROGRAM FOR A CRT TER-
MINAL CONTROLLER. I CAME ACROSS A ROUTINE TO IM-
PLEMENT A FIRST-IN FIRST-DUT (FIFO) BUFFER QUEUE
SCHEME. I DON'T CLAIM ANY ORK5INALITY OR THAT IT IS
THE BEST (OR ONLY) WAY TO DO IT. BUT I WOULD LIKE
TO SHARE IT WITH YOUR READERS. AND TO SAY THAT I
WOULD LIKE TO SEE SIMILAR CONTRIBUTIONS. PERHAPS
YOU WOULD LIKE TO CONSIDER THE ADDITION OF A NEW
COLUMN FOR "PROGRAMMING TRICKS" TO » 68MJ t .
KEEP UP THE GOOD WORK.
FIRST-IN FIRST-OUT (FIFO) BUFFER
0e»*O1
Aeon HatAj^n OiiaO
Kay 26. 19BI
Mr. Don VI 11 lew!
'68' Micro Journal
3018 HemUl (toad
Klxson, TN 373(3
Dear Don:
Aa you know, om nan t* Solely reapooslble for the vary existence of
your magazine and oyiny of our buslnceoeo. That man, of couree, la
Dan Myer, whose Innovative ekllle have created the SSSI1 hue and con-
tinue with new product! designed to lceep us at the head of the price
performance curve.
Aa you know at the recent dealern meeting, aome proponale were eosteuhat
controvereel end many new innovative ideas were presented. I elk sure
he could hove Followed a much sure conservative path emu let Ins other
32
68' Micro Journal
taemific turers proRrafcnal ng. Once aRain Dan hit chosen Co load the pack;
and while I doubt that all of hit proposals vlll be enacted in their
original form, I atn sure he hss aHaajlateri our thinking.
3217 PWZBA COKT
EL PA3D. TEXAS 7Y90A
Hopefully, his cncropreoeurl al spirit will rub off on us aid aske a
SWTT dealerohlp the «oat profitable In the country.
The deaonBt rations of ayatene voa Just a side of aaailng, especially
tha point of sale* ny**tn*it by Dane.
Dan deserves a lot of Credit and recoflnltloo for his uny contributions
to our Industry sad hopefully wo will find • way to publicly recognise
biv.
Sincerely yours,
lofaltt X. *t*on
Viet President nnd General HonaEer
KAH/pefl
Mid Sooth Pbo*motau1kol«
P.O. Bo* 584
Htwon. tenqeis«sj 37343
<4nM.« J lU
'*•' Birrs J^riil
Jilt Hlilll II.
n it. to
Hi<io», IM 37)43
Inr Daa
Qur tM»M« htf wrihiiM a cOn?> l*ti Pn>«t* *tO« Uaivartil l»%l tatiSrtr. J-M-
piiilll iscHdM Ua t*llB»t»i;
II", 2 — B»ii *»i* »»B*-j*r4ftt MT*»i
AcctK. Ilf IKlDII/Oritr I newt
•ffll. riytalafftjrcMa* Or-JSf
Oin.nl LM4*r
'69' hlCRQ JOWWAl
3018 HAHILL RD.
P.O. WX B4?
HIXSCH, lEWrtSSEE 37343
tear (»or> #
Thl*, it to t KPr i it j^ntiiliDn for fhlrlnl the "Fix Zero
Sector*' lias in Ss>l#eber, i960 *<S8' and Lo Provide end iddtftdkiM.
Sine* the article uet about tht SAlC-e and 1 have Umlco fl2'»r I just
read i I and turned tha pall.
Here recently 1 bad lo run I lenslhv prairie Lhel pauted beleeen
outPUtl lone enOUSTt to let the drlvit "Use out', end couldn't conellle
■ Mil without a dink error. Uh-oh. Reeesbered Ihe article- applied
thl *itchi snd pick In business, t axporieenled later and found Ihsl a
lhorler loo* (ClRki D£Xi sHC ) *»» enou«h for en drHif ind It alaotl
laperciFtible*
Pieate ejtt on Lo 'if'iri that the* should im-Iv tbil retch no
natter what brand of drive* or at. lutl run a letl lo prove thai ll't
not needed. I'* lure U ti the curd for eany of our ditt failurai
ue've been itlribuUm to "dull parlieili".
B»tl riser dtt
fe£jAld£e^_
Hay 30. ivei
Star-Kits
I placad •* *r4sr nth Jul hXlaia al J fill tll9*tly l*f«rs t\* pe( ke)« wll
rtaiihad, ml hatiij dJ» netl«»* aid mii.ilic it, I u ssUefled tail <*r telsctlfl* **<
carrsct.
T Id fMiliar nits toil ptclljt prograat thlt ir* ■■*• * effect)** in uMl the* am
mppaitd Is 4* bill »f» ■klr|aa[y ftifa 1 It lit aaylMaa •!*■ tVl Of. JlLh this P*Ck»9»
fraa Ulll, In *r sPlaioa, tht inly liall«tlf»t ir* i«4Sli>Uaa. Thl PlKltv^t provide
■ 11 tli* isparlnl fun i torn nttviMrr ill tilirutl meethly aed ro«Pltl«ly Jl i Ptf»M*.
Ill U» files hivt »*«■ Clraftilly Otilfifa *nt tr* very cOn«l«l«. in «ddtll«n to
■ •rfer«i*f »» • tviert 9k»»1«. IM IM ? ■!■•«« ld» uitr»l«ed vier U prcduCB hl«Tily
■ Pfcialiril fuitiior.1 iM riporlt Ibit ■•• net lorMiUv •»«ili*U *itk • *P*O(*0£ (C»t-.
9e»i*l *» "o« aur ••■•■ arv "isitlll' I Mfhly r«ca»*ind i/WI t ^K>rftac« la euflni»«
ipeViEiliom.
Sf. I*<(*1» Fill III! »fr» hiipftfl t« VI »0 It III) !• riaeb by pflOBt it tn*r« |r*
■•y prolltn*. lit 1^-houti til!' Ir* I ll| l»lui tl lh» UVir Ji» hat purcha«*4 program
■ ■fin Iftly It fli* ■ preblia liltiai It ruaaU) a* Inif *yit«*.
I>1*| * tvi|[rt>»r 1* yiur *ilitli? ■■« cimiMMijl «wr conpe«v »» a lypltH *l#f
V«*r* 1 ••Mil' r*t«aalll) tlttl tiy utwr CO«tld+f|»1 ■ •nlutioti la IMlr (mjIIbck Mb-J*
iniwtl' oil Jo»l ib4 Iiicuci Lhit Ml In. hta.
!■ cllll«f [ ■mid aito 111! In *i4 a «nird of p**i«* lo Y9VT nathed ttf Ilmi^mi,
Tiw ip* IM aaly attaint [ lacM. «r IMl «ttt"4% to auch if It* l p »4vtrti*#r«. I hiv«
Olfilfilie aaCA fro* Vpvr ibllliy tl ivaparl thai* M»«rtittM t"*t *e»t yOa r tfei-i'yJi .
•iKO N«* v«». .
Fal IHHttJUTE ntatUf
[KM L>an
■r*i (dial
Our WHBUC Honltor Is now available Tor tha f»«rc« SBC/4 Single Board
Computer, Lr>*raby maklnf thle CPU board ooa»patlbl* iditft PLll ti n« 11 •»
other popular wrtwir*.
HUMBUG oonuine ell the atandtrd funetlafl* and Ia3 routlnti or athar
aanltoff. Out it alao Include* other TvnotlonA to sake lira esaier;
aa sultlPle brtekpolnta
■« Bln»l»-»teppin|
"* rarovo<*< dua»p, searer>. fill end chant*
■• dlaa boot, vipe punch and lo>>4
91 aenory list and awory .ovt
"" rcclatar eiaalna
'• trciraa halt Trooi Keyboard
KUKErUG also provides 1/Q port control, in. A0ORT function to atop veyxerd
proiran* and print ■ ninttr dusp . una optional output via a rldao
board.
with tnlo lataat varalon. NlMSUO Is now; avellable for 6900 . 6Bo2 . and
6Bo9 CfU boards made by C|*U. Pereos, SWT?. and Star-Kits, and for »ld«o
boards nade by Peraon and Tbooea. him virjloni ire btlng de<raloMd for
other h»r<t**r* cooblnatlona ai yell. For Information send For ostalol or
call Ster-Klte at (9taj 2*1-0267. Turn on your 300-baud ■oden if you
cell In the late evening and LIST hVHoUO.DAT,
CpMPUTERWARE '
M^ 'ocon»fruT*r &at*t anO $o'[*«.«
H I U $ HLHSI
Coepu ttiuaie" lntioducee I ta Colof Invadsft on cmtrn (or
tbe kadio Shack Colo* Cosputar.
You ete at tbe control* of tb« Color Computet ipaca Tana,
llflnv at atellar iblps and lmradlnf cilttere. invadine a hi pa
boiat in ilr vltb tjtploaivi noise. Alien ciltteie aarch acroaa
the actean dicpplnv boabs and ecreeslng ae life la lapped Tim
tbait triad little bodiat. run?? YsariU
with hrilllant color, dynealc souno. and fast ectloe* Color
invadtta etrera a continuous source of iicltwrnt to all pliytii.
laeh at tbe I levsla of play pieeant ■ddltienal coapl Icatione
keeplne the hiqlnnei tolnt and tbe viperts challenged,
Coloc jnvadera la available in tvo vtiilonn
Inuidafs-PP requites 111 and the Power. Pack .(19. IS
Inveooro-U r«quiroj lit (not tha Pouer Pack] $24. PS
Both ate available directly fro* Coeputsrvare* at Box tti, 1473
Mclnltae Blvd. . lnclnitse« Ca. 1202*. <7H»-I)«-]S1] .
Bo* 66fi • 1S12 Enc»niia> 8l»d • Ennr-i»« California 92024
Prwrm Stce Uie) 438-02B2 * 01flCo<7l4]4JlV3«12
CtTrV- ncjfir*
G^A/H K J. C r »C •■ .a* ^ Av#.
t.«t«a Kt *•' MAm.t Nl^^acl^
SV|-i** 7l'a.'l53^0A33
Nfcu P*rQCrt^ Tfl RCLiatt
June i«ie«>i
TM SO COLOR OJflMJTlB K» Tw**il
U* lef no«> ea »!"*» *vS» lael* io* in» LolDf cwpi.ic
bom jr# otI<(*:% Hi /iWt'iv MEhin* invKi* anff «r«
rti&-SOC uthin* lariatia** t*a», )i r r**e.
ins rirsr or ik«i» uron-tn )« a Tvit Edi tor m3«i-.». diicn mcuphh
ipptO.Iik«I I ■ JK o> irvwi a »^ac. incuxtini tn» *<r««r> and iip« bufrer. Yru*.
lefvea i>ato«i i;k a' uif vorlifacr l>^ a lOK «jS*«tn. Tr» EOtro^ cl» (OaO
and «iv< Tft^aa in a fO*"»*t cOaMitllr *lin Basic to *ru>i rou can ittiii 1
weiiai ax) mt i r Paste r,-otr*,m«. Tr«t Editor aiao iui a v*ra fiaaai fu I I •* t
of ecrev-n toiiini < oa a» araH» 'n alio** t.Kriiofi, driMlnn . Cnaniim *r<J
adding to •*«* tin**, AutOBttir HiW tfltnni filtvi ina y*t** (D OKI*'
inrwira ami l-acaware m ir*« l**» «uf l«r lor trttcMlns a«rt laiiind all
accaan •dnim (aatdiatt; ■j'fla'am .^a fxra«n «q r ou «ii*1 knoa> a«*cM/t
• he l *t/v at* Hol"» ai •' ■ i l ■#*?.. TPw FOI U" mtp *** cu««karM3a io auve
Of '.Of( "jrnoi'i of Th« la>c* Hurler* Tat one Piece io arm i her" rnsrt iner*
n in* r*»it*<ai ioM>.tod frv*f iiin-a #ov to Ehanae a sintle crter*ci»r or airin
o' cr*rjti»r| tram on* iht.ia io »norf>^> or- *•■•<* in*** mi Iran j>. Line
rubber*, ran who b* int»ri« « <t)>ud for. file ccetrreeeton «>r»*n asvin*
to tar*. Th* toiler- aico tantiiiii ivt* r***«uer<* coa»na'Vj> on* fo«" Banc
rreir*** **di arw (or «*n*rsl line ivtrwnct,. TJ oa n of iha Oi«er ceaainOt
ine iwd* 9«irrn. tizi T'o*d. Teppsr*!. r»a*e* Au ro »•<*■ Paieiei PVinivr and
linaoi i .
68' Micro Journal
33
7*# ,nh*o '<0»«« <■ * Co ruiMnt Ifll I or/ Aiiv.Dl »■*- * ha I will *rlo» iK*
um«" IO <-**;»• *<I1 aAO «■«♦!.,. i. N.«[>U.« l4n.nA** OrPera*** ro*- tn * tSMP.
•to.*-*, i*V-. T>w«(lil<H' «k«io. ■** *►** *.*-u •*•.«.. i, fcitei^r ro ,*.* ,,», wh0l .
""M""^ **WV* a,l(r. *l I t »W *««<** r lull fOiHnt cOWM,«» Osca.*! Ih, |,« fc , t
" q * r -" ''♦•* ,u ^ ,r ' »,,**? *»«*•*•*»■ *"< iu..*,, Mlhiw «A<Kf cod* '■> Mine
'"•"" •*-• '« * «*O»0«- r. JU »o., fer^,, ,„. <,, r *€H* IP iMor, r*>r drat*
««*cvfiDn. TM. obh^jI, M|U»* tar, C> i ion* . * *>• «« t nv. i |t> mt «rinitr
- -r*» «a-7W/^f io»«r W ! on ,*• tOi w COPMUiiar. ai i errwr er- a
r «***•* •<,, ,»*, »*f..iin«*H* n . tr*. a „ H »i^
IfciWO iriktruciipn «tt And «.l*o »j 1 1
■ fu<
*v"° r n vnc fwlr cc**>>. • l*»*i
"■ic ■ t
iai'or
CO HLSv
Conor 1
Th&.ftO it t ii-
.V, Dm WUltavn, 3r.
'6fi' tt.ei-6 Joon>«l
3015 HullI Rd.
Hl»on, IK 3731*3
*ro*HC* *v^c? «p
t at,*v r <»> F#.a>a> m'
|j.'ia* car*,
•♦** T*
To coviect Shi* viaoa Uee June -cwue do* ettU-C&igJa
inoise Xite £oltonting change*-.
06M 80 AP ,8 JSR IW5UFF
MC CE AS 40 LDX #FC8
Hi-i-i uu£l maK" £/ie 4flve ^tcCu^i wo\k cu odve^t^etf.
Jut* 13, 1981.
9,1)6 Eetna Rd.
NMhvilld, TH 3720(j
CaxtAif (J.SraudaU
technical /y/tem/
cortrultant/. inc.
"D Soi»ro»i7Qe«*™ A*p^»ii*«rii»^*ip inam.'voa.f.n :>«]n)7
Deer Sir:
Here is • way ta force SVTPC Mini-Flex luic 3.0 to accept eomu in string
input.
0010 P0B( Ii5??,0) tREK TORN OFF COM* BRMX
0020 INPUT At i REN IHPIIT COWLrTK LIVE INTO At
0030 P0KB( US12M) iRSf TU1» OX CON* BREAK
OOllO PR»T Ai |WW PRINT OWLETS LIME PROS AS
RXADT
T THIS, IS, A, TEST.
THIS, IS, A, TEST.
READT
f
This will nark with disk reede u wall u input from the tantinal. Far
liur tvrslone of SVTPC Mini-Flax Basic 3.0, tht addrau to poke ia li??7 (Thin
courtesy ef Mr. P. 0. Harehala). Vhet Basle dose ie to acan tha input lina for
a com* and break tha Input string at that point. Tha POISt li5??,o) or P0IS( liS?7,o)
chmngai tha aaparator charactar fi*o» a eoiwa to a ntOl. Baeauaa tha noil won't
ba part of an input string (tha input eharaetar routlna filtara out nulla) , tha
taat faila and tha whole llzta goaa into tha lftput variahla. Tha petca nakaa
SMTPC 9ula oahan lika a Baaic with an IXF7T LIKE coarmnd. All t\» P0WS( li?22»UU 1
doas is ta raplaca tha eoma break. To find out vhieh poke addraai to use, look
ror a Ch? A #S?C (61 20 at S11A9 or *11AI. Trie aparund in tha flrat case la at
daelxal U5?5. In tha eecondj it la at Ooiajal U%Tt .
This should ba handy for anyone who wants to process text with SVTPC Wak
Basle 3.0. Parltapa aonaona can find the eaia location for D»P.l 3sslc 3.S.
Varp truly touts,
WUlitw R. HtuBblan
"-■if m.
LaAAtf W-ULuimA
6i Iti&to JoumuU
301& HamiU %d. Box U9
Hixon, Te*in. $7343
VtOA UK. Wiltiambt
A QJitm&ji tAtpt in and vutfeted too lint* oi codz in
w/ fXUch to makz VtfnaAo£t PtU&U fill. \A wo-tfe uUth FIik.
The. At&utt mz&6zd up thz Aave paction o£ mty paXzh-
Tht p\0Q*am uUZl toad B.K, and -u u*£abU li you u^e the.
T.S.C. zd-UoA to CA.na.te, and zdit aouacz. 1-U&4.
6009 rumVLCOOt PASCAL CmPUIR
rut nil" amp tfn)nrj(*
ttlf Of€Hhd far 4 bffllrr- 1ff**1 lajngiMyc Ihll CCKHO fitt I M CrrlclCBt
code K*s pro-tpteri Tcctii.h.1 S/itm ComulUnit Inc. to de.elD* t M&9
Kttlt*<CQfe CJlc«l Conpil*?'". 1M% P«(C4l trr.-ilrr (irvouce. actwdl &AQ9
■ iientl]' lirTuige nTwroonKi . utlH* *wv ■ ■ r the atler P*k*1 "cOOpiUri"
Htitcr; on\y produce incvrp^otwt "P-Cofc" . BeC'ulc of :hH n«tl>r-C«k
production, proqrtvi dvviiopotf «ttt>t i6« N*ti*i.coo> P«c*l Caooilar* no/
mm rroa S to JO llol filter- then (hole cgnpMK) allies «" Kit*rpr«| fvc
<«-pH«r.
The xjhfcif ic»t ion for thf $jfr>l«ii «n<r i*mnt1ev of P«ic«1 for trin
co*oll*r ir» bised or th» Jtniffn ind Wirth Lis/ rWouail ; th« coapile*-
laiplfaxtntt nCejrly «11 of thp feituret tjffuitd in. the User Hinu.l. The
few eAceptloni of atjor fe«lwrc» thait our h+nnc-toOo Hv:t\ Compiler
aon not ijpport mcluoet MIO iiiiearnt,. in) labels, proced^ei i"tf
function* oted «t p*r«wwteri p the netting of procrdwt. '**■■ fteictiorn
MlthOLTt the use of FtWWAtffi, ind the ivacwiurcv OlSPOSf, PACK en) tWPACE.
Both mtcfttr a«J floatirtg pomt nktEh are tu^poried. ffie f Ifl-i >«a point
iritfMx*Mc it double precMlon contalfllit) up lo 16. 8 *igiu of eccuracy
from 1.0 t-)« to 1.0 L«3fi. Uli ttWptter tuvnrtt the lte-w^rJ
tftsonun^iric. exponential «nd sqoerp root 'unction, 'low? •tin, « tgMtm
nu4>er 9tn*retor for H.tlilicjl end UieulJt'On Pro^renoninf, Int«0en
ranoa frw -Z2TU to ♦32?t', ultiw 1* but far »?*eh irtet^r. AM pf the
ASCI) char^aclfn tr<m to 1?; may be bied a-»a «fitl»w in Paw*'
protjretn.
Variable naoei are unique to toO character «p]winr| the Mierv greater
tr»«twil/ In proqr*w1ng. All umr «nd lower case Inters end flo**r>rV
are alloipM] to variable nanei elo™9 »Uh (he i,i;:rr^.- f .rp chjracltr (_ ),
except ai the firit di*r*ttef.
In the »ynt*4, howo-fr, « PACKED
ai unpotkvit arrar or record.
rewntt: ru>Ae<r, the ordtnol .*1 ut
1??. Therefore, %ett of reel
a «l of characters ts eat iljr
loars the irttrt to read the ctnaand
« record ttrixtur* catlect PARAM.
teri from the CQaWMnd line lo the
f lie nmi «nd option li a
ailing feature, rurthertore. both
recede "aual Ccmpiler .lion the
input and output f1le1 as eiternit
PACMO errajri arvd ricordl are aOlow**
IrrAjr or recflrxt is no differerl than
Paual Mts <"4y contain up to 12$ il<
of these elenstntl aruit be from to
nurteri are not Inplemnird , tnit
«<£0xTiOQd«ted.
the JiatlTC-cooe Paical ConptWr *t
l ire ir «eth Fit I and UrlftfJ through
In thlj. «*ay the uter u/ poll pare*
user'l Pascal proqrao. The pon.ng p'
coanon application of this parameter
fLCl Ind UnlriEI version* of the Nittt
users to reoiflne tf* standard Pascal
files residing on the aw*..
The Mat tvt-code Pascal C^Hir supports djmawK sterive al location
using the staMard procedure AIU and procedures Hurt and REttAJE for
dytiaajic deallocaLlOfi of itorese- Pointer type variables 4rt folly
supported, therefore, true file I/O using file buffer potmen and ihe
projceduris CtT and PUl is loplteatnted. tltt Pascal files are atl
teCjutntlal access; no*«v*r ( tha tn T FL[l version *lle*t the user to
r*nda«ljf seek to various lutUlorii wftktn the file.
The Dative. code Pascal CcmpiWr al lews « Paicel j»ro\>r*. to call other
separately MrHten mo compiled Pascal progre*s or assiiwoly language
proflraerj. F urt hirtatjre, parameters ptwjj be pessOd to tutu other le-oarans
In tht tejur faihlon that parafwlerf are passed fron the coniisind line.
Affdlllanal proceCuures eitll for ihe *»*ri to Intcrfice .ntt< the
eperallno tystea ilsolf. *fOrta> robtine* include ifMin 1*1*1 t*4
H0PK_D*l¥t for mi, turn* and lAeoufH* for single character input,
■-ILL"* for deletme LimftEI files, and various other routines tied to the
operetino irure- The yntfl?) ses-slci of Pascal includes « vapente
systems rwn-tTDse packdge for systeas iwoyrm^irs- Included m this
ruB-tiae prelate i«t the calls to the syste» routines althln Ihe UniFltl
operatr*? systa*. tlsete e*lK alio* the user to 'fori* gr "ciec* lasts,
lmtwi« interrupts, sM etecute rainy Other system calts tncludtd m the
Ufiiiritji operatioi s/steo.
instruct iqf»s for trtawrti', the run.li-* p*[t*op fpr Pascal 4r0 Includes.
Triitvlng tht run.ttee uackase Ka> fee helrfu' if a pfortraoi dori not need
Miy of the functions but requires a great amunt of icaejry lor
eiecut ion. By tnneiing the run-H*e package, a prograa nay be able to
reclaim tie tseaory tpace allotted to the uirlets run-time procaxjgrr/i.
0»erall, the WW ^«tiv«.tooe Pascal Costpller produces very fast and
efficient code. The fLEX version of Pascal reOjuiret a S6K Vytttw 1n
order to function. Thai followtng pricet tncluoe our user's neihiil , a
copy of the Pascal Utir Hanoi 1 and W if _o_rt , by Jensen and Mirth, the
conpller and run- t^io "object code program ind about ter. enaople Pascal
programs In source foru.
FLU B909 Kalfve-code Pascal Conpller
Manual only - 140.00
UflJrUX 6809 native-code Pascal (tsttpllir
On* year «a!ntenaxe . S75.O0
Additional unuals - 170.00 each
H**»n1 afily . WO- 00
uoo.oo
sm.oo
34
68' Micro Journal
f ■IMIKt-MOISI m <i If "1F1*
**9t«n% words."
18 RCPI M0R0 COUNTING PROGRAM — COUNTS NORDS WO
20 REN U9A0E Of no H 09 IN TEXT FILE
JO REN O.K. BECK SMI/SI
40 REM OPEN FILE AND OET FILE NAME (DEFAULT . AT)
SB ON ERROR OOTO 720
Din L3»<9S9>.h:»is»>
T0 INPUT "FILE NAME -.Flf
ea open o.d Fit as s
90 REP) INITIALIZE VARIABLE9- F1,».U0A0 COUNT FLAO
l» REM !6«-0£N£R»L COUNTER P.1X-9EPAAATE WORD COUNTER
I IB REM PIUTOIE NUMBER JLl.UORO COUNT
[IB F4».l
170 lES-llKli-B
140 PJ*-UN"I**0
150 CR4-CHR4! 13) (BP4-CHH4I 32)
]£B INPUT LINE tS.LR
I7e IF IEK>LEN1L*)*-1 THEN 1 1 4-CR4I 1E*=1 1 GOTO 21 B
186 L1»=MID1<L4. IS*. 1>
13* :(.*-Lt*.:
2OT REM WORD COURIER LOOIC- KICR9 OUT MULTIPLE SPACES BETWEEN UDRDS
210 IF UL14-CR4 OR L14-9P41 A*I0FA»-1> THEN HIK.-W1 *- 1 J rtit-fliGDTD T5B0
2i0 IF liLl*>CR* OR L14-9P4> AND F6**0) THEN GOTO 370
23B IF IF4*.,B AND iLIt () CR» OR Lll <) 8F»>) THEN Fb«-1
2&0 REN DELETE PUNCTUATION MARHB
2S» IF ASCII-IT' <■ S* OOTO 1TB
2EB IT rASC(L>>> '- 91 AND A9ClLlt) I" *) OOTO I7B
270 REM BUILD UP THE T**T WORD
;8B I 2*»L2*+Ll*lOOTa 170
290 REM LINEAR SEARCH OF CONCORDANCE TABlE FOR UOR09 ALREADY fOUND
TIM FOR JLH-B TO Kl*
TIB IF L24-LT:4t J6*i THEN HTX<J6K> ■ ( HTM J6*l » ♦! 10010 Tie
JJ0 NEIl JE*
330 HEM SAVE A NEW WORD
3<.0 L3*<4.lKJ«L2*
550 H3*(K1Hi>1 iKIX-Kllt.l
35B L24"~ '
T7B IF L14-CH* THEN GOTO 1&0 ELSE 0010 17*1
T.BB REn BUBBLE SORT RESULTS
3SB REM VAR1ABLE9- F34-FLAG TO SWAP WORD COUNT *-4-H0RT INDEX
4B0 REM F21-FI.AQ SMAR DONE. REPEAT UNTIL NO SHOPS
kit F;t-B
• 20 B2»-K|»-l
4(jB FDR IE»»0 TO IL?*
»5» if ltsi iHtin" ooto *ee
4fcS IF L1IIIIK) > L34U6X-1) THEN SWAP L3»< IEK1 . L2 1 1 IE** 1 1 If 24" 1 1 F3*" 1
470 IF F3*»l THEN SyAP MJ*tlE»>. MSRr 16S« 1 > »FI1U0
4S0 NEXT IE*
fcSB IF F2*»l THE*) H2S-K2S-I100TD 4TB
S00 REM PRINT RESULTS
S10 HEM CHECK IF FOR PRINTER OR TERMINAL OUTPUT
32B INPUT "HARD CORY ".HI
sjs :f leftbh*. !)»■»■ ooto sse
340 IF LEFTSIH*. 1> O-N- GOTO 320
330 OOTO 370
360 OPEN OLD "O. PRINT" AS
570 OOSUB 7S0
S8B PRINT 40. r*#r* *r« 4 tot*
59B PRINT 4B.-r*#f* «r« "IHI4I
CM PRINT >B
SIB PRINT 40. -WOfd-.-No. 1 1 mm uMd"
6iB PRINT 4B
tT£B MS* •*£-*+ 3
£-40 FOR L6>* - TO nIK-l
tie PRINT 40, L74<L6*>. H3*<L6*>
S£0 K&*-X6*»l
E-7B IF KEK-37 THEN GOSUB 7«0
660 NEXT LSI
630 PRINT «0.ChR«<12> IIPR1NT d0. CHRStti') 1 1REM PAGE UP PHINTEI
70B STOP
710 RIM ERROR CHECKER. IF EOF. CLOSE FILE AND SORT RESULTS
t:b if error then PRINT -error IERRI- AT LINE "IEHLiSTOP
73B CLOSE 3
760 GOTO 410
73B RBX PBOE HEADER FOR OUTPUT
7E0 PRINT ftfl. CMR4< 12) 11 REM FORM FEED
77B PRINT 401PR1NTRB
7 B PRINT 40, -word Court' I TAtkfcS) T - P*44 "1 PI*
730 PRINT 40
BOB K64-4I PK-PK.I
BIB RETURN
B20 EMI
aigsr n. Fsas, PrsBld0Dt
CoaputBr SyatBRia Cooaultsota
U54 Latta Laoa
Con/an, Caorgla 30201
TBlapbona 404-483-1 71 7M570
Coaputar Syataaa Cooaultaota aooouacsa tba availability of TABULA
RASA. Thla product provldas ao alactronlc apraadahaat facility
for 6809 a/ateaa which can run tha TSC Extaodad Basic lotsrpratar
aad tha TSC Macro Aaaoablar. It will oparata vlth aoat sarlal
taraiiiAla aod avaory-upped vldao displaya vtilch provlda at laast
16 rova aod 64 columns oo tba aoraao, and requires at loaat 56K
bytaa of «M.
TABULA RASA la based upon tha CSC Full-Scrasa Display packaja.
An lntaractlva ayetva gBoaratlon procadura la uasd to help tha
uaar ouatoalsa tha dlaplay drlvara for a apoalflc
taralnal/coaputar configuration. Id aoat casaa. thla proevdara
la aufflclaat to coaplata tha coatoaliatloo Kith oo furtbsr
affort.
IVta la antarad loto foraattad ecraana rapraaantlos tha logical
claaaiflcatlona of loforaatlon coaprialng a apraadahaat, aa
followat
Raport Haadlssa,
Initial ValuaB,
Coaputat looal loatruo tlooa .
Haaulta ara placad loto a fila rapraaootlng a fourth
'68' Micro Journal
classifications, callad Coaputad Valuaa. Any of tha tour
claaalflcatlooa of inforaatloo io a apraadahsat aay be dlaplayad
oo tha taraloal or oo a printer. Any of tha flrat three
clesalficatlooa aay ba updated rslatlvaly lndapendantly of ooa
anothar. Utility progrsna allow any of tha first thraa
claaalflcatlooa to ba uaad aa a part of anothar apreadaheet, and
allow a Ccaputad Valuaa file to be uaad aa a part of ao Initial
Valuas fila for anothar aprsadahaat.
Tha auiatm alaa aprsadeheet which aay ba proceead by TABUU
RASA dapanda upon the aaount of work dlak avallabla. A
siotle-elded, aiagle-dsnalty, alal-diakatta would eaally contain
a apraadahaat of lOO rowa by 25 colvaoa, with ICO coapiite Lionel
lsBtructlooe.
Tha retail prlca of TABULA RASA la SiOO.OO. Thla locludaa tha
aouroa filea for all prngraaa, oo alol or full-else diskettes,
end the lootructloo aaoual* Deelar lnqulrlaa ara volcoao and
should ba dlracted to Bud Fees,
A90BT SWITCH FOR 6809
In the January Issue of Kilobaud Hlcrocomput Ins peter A.
Stark describes adding a Motorola style ABORT switch to 6900
based computers which use SWATBUG.
The ABORT switch generates a NMI which Interrupts the
program being executed, stores the processor state vector on
the stack, prints the register dump and returns to the
command looo of the monitor. It Is rather like pressing
RESTART but as Informative as encountering e breakpoint.
This means that when a program goes Into a "silent loop",
the ABORT button can be pressed and the contents of all the
registers displayed. Including of course the oddress of the
next Instruction to be executed.
As I have long felt the need for this facility, I decided to
edd It to my 6809 based comouter which uses 5-3UC (as listed
In the June 1980 Issue of '68' Micro Journal). The mi Is
free to be used for the ABORT function as the hmi vector
(address SFFFC-01 In S-BUG oolnts to the RESTART routine.
S-BUG already has all the routines that arc necessary and In
fact only five bytes need be added In order to be able to
use them. There Is space for this additional code In the
message expansion area. The NMI vector transfers control to
the added code, where the U register Is made to point to
the processor state vector stored on the stack. The program
then branches to the breakpoint routine where It displays
the registers before returning to the command loop. Any of
the normal monitor commands may then be executed before
returning the program with the "G" command.
The hardware simply consists of a push button and a bistable
to de-bounce It, which is connected to the NMI line.
This simple ABORT function does not work If the contents of
the DAT ROM have been changed by the errant orogram.
Forcing the lower bytes of the CAT ROM locations SFFFE and
SFFFF to be 1 and respectively could be the solution but I
have not yet tried.
D. R. Gaskell, % 21 Beccles Road, SALE Cheshire, M55 1RP
ENGLAND
• ABORT SWITCH FOR 6809
• Make the following changes to S-BUG
FEFB IF 43 ABORT TRF S,U
FEfD 16 FBBE LBRA REGPR
FFFC FE F8
circuit Diagram
FD8 ABORT
(IFABE1
IMI-V
-35
HELP
HELP!
Dear Sirs, Reading a back Issue (April '80> of the
68'Mlcro Journal, I came across a SPL/M program to
create an Index of disk files. It was called
WHERESIT.CMO. It was for FLEX. Old anyone do a
revised version for Snoke Signal Broadcastings 00S5?
If so, could they let me know what It would cost me?
PLEASE. I have only a single drive, by the way.
T K Boyd, 8elmont School, Feldemore, Holmbury
St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6L0 England
CLASSIFIED
2 SWTP 6800's each with 24K,MPC,MPS,MP-L, JPC Clock
4800 Baud JPC, 2 Cassette Decks, CT-64, Sanyo 9",
Fast Basic w/Flles Assam, DIs, Much Software $800
each or 1 1 500 for both with PR-40 Printer!
Maine Computer Network 1-207-244-7444
5 SWTPC 4K, Tl Silent 700 K0B, $35 each. MPA Cpu,
Seals 8K, 4-SWTPC 8K, $80 each. 200ns 8K, NPA2 CPU,
VAB-2 Terminal, $100 each.
Kent 7-9 PM 1-801-782-8976
1 CT-82 CRT terminal (new In box - never used) $845.
1 CT-82 CRT terminal (Used) works fine $745.
Decision Data High Speed Doh Matrix 132 Column
Tractor Fed Printer (LIKE NEW Quality & Condition)
(New cost $2495.00) SAVE $1,000.00 - ONLY $1495..
Leedex Video 100 Monitor (Brand New) $75. SWTPC 5"
Double Head Double Density Dual Drive Disk System
with DC-3 Controller Board $950 or with DC-4
Control ler Board $1050.
LEW 8am-5pm 1-615-877-2241
»»»
6800 MP-A2 with SWT+DI SKbugs $70. Complete 6809
56KB 1MHz with Improved PS $975. 0MF-F2 rev C
$275. MP-B, MP-82, MP-B2 kit, 6800 cages +
PS,MP-LA,MP-S,MP-C,MP-T,MP-32,MP-8, all at 50$ of
list. Mlcrotlme 6800 $75, Percom CIS-30 $65,
Kazeltlne 1500 $820.
7-9 PM EST 1-603-774-7762
• »•
SWTPC 4K memory boards (2) Modified for high
addressing $45 each. Fully socketed, working, extra
2102's.
Bob Demblnski 21 Spring St, Norfolk, MA 02056
W-(6l7)671-3045, H-(617)528-3289
***
Infoton GT-100 $500, Mlcrocroma/16K working complete
In case with power supply t documentation $400,
Practical Automation Printer UP-7 with serial £
parallel Interfaces In case with power supply 4
documentation $350.
Bud Pass 1-404-483-1717
*»»
4 SWTPC 4K merory boards, $40 each or $150 for at I
four postpaid. PR-40 Printer $200 postpaid.
5 Brown, 35 Kettle Pond Road, Amherst Ma 01002,
1-413-253-3183
6800 MPA 32K SWATBUG, 9600
Boards, SSB 3 Drive 5 1/4"
System $1500.
Jack PO Box 880, Lafayette In 47902, 1-317-743-4156
Baud Serial, Paral lei
Floppy, Soroc Terminal ,
6809
RECORD MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
RMS
DATABASE MANAGEMENT
•USER DEFINED RECORD FORMAT VIA DATA DICTIONARY
•SCREEN ORIENTEO, FORM FILL OUT TYPE OF ACCESS
•OPTIONAL TWO LEVEL RECORD HIERARCHY
•ALL FILES IN ASCII TEXT FORMAT. BASIC COMPATIBLE
•OIRECT ACCESS BY KEY FIELD, MULTIPLE INOEX FILES
•EXTENSIVE DOCUMENTATION, SAMPLE APPLICATION
•VERSATILE. PROFESSIONAL QUALITY REPORT WRITER
•BUILT-IN SORT/ MERGE
•EASY TO USE
RMS is a complete DATABASE MANAGEMENT package
for the 6809 computer, it is made up of five machine
language programs that make up the most powerful
business programming tool available for the 6809. It can be
used by the relative novice, to implement an incredible
variety of information storage and retrieval applications,
without any programming. However, the programmer can
use RMS as part of the solution to a larger problem, saving
many hours of unnecessary program development time.
RMS can be used to handle data input, editing, validation,
on-line retrieval, sorting and printed reports. Custom data
manipulation can be filled in by the user's BASIC programs.
SINGLE CPU LICENSE
FLEX* $200
OS-9+ $250
UNIFLEX* $300
TERMS VISA MC PREPAID
WASHINGTON
COMPUTER SERVICES
3028 SILVERN LANE
BELLINGHAM, WA 98225
1 (206> 734-8248
'FLEX tmt LJNIfUt X 4t* ri»dam«lii qt T#chrHC* Syitpm Conikiltftntl Inc .
OS 9 il ■ trjd«m*fh ot Mi^m*,,,
36
'W Micro Journal
CALEHDAI-CLOCt / TlHtt / PAIALLEL POUT
-
I
Mm IP
wzMaaaaemmwm
■
CtUndir * Clock CtX6»-l
• U«r> ■■•• «M llaa eaiaatai ai •■■ iv* *a-e***ar ■• ■■
• «• MM l»lirl IlhIiMI ••■ lliillft itliill (■■■ tmt Matti
■ ->aT if Mia. /lir/r<if batfiala ■*• 411/1* at}
In tirvil T Luc
9) ■•* •tLalu «M*'I>4. **1 I l-t**i|>a. •■••
4 CsMailtli en. a flB.Ma ..a IL« t J/1*
• M.t *«at raatar alia Ultl-I VKaa alia Hasp* ■••» >■ 1 art « a'-t
• ciiHiKi mi Hiiiiih If-. !*■ •lil.iatti l»* a at.
Parallel L I/O Port -- lillr »iii.<n >*•■ tiintii «...
• nr Mioiii aaiiM ■■•««. at *«1fai lilltiid lit lair era aa l*>* ftiataH
4 tSfjajaiakla a lab iaeallil ratal aa iiImh «a — ala-a at tat It
COtllt rac t lOB. -- Pall? 4. aalaat H ,m, a, acta aaraaaa*
Kaaual •*•. W« 1 1 doc«a*nt*d - 34 (>•*■•
titlif a «t» a!laJ*»al l>Kli1)>
Asaaablad tad (••cat Jll*.»» Xlc 189.1!
Coldpltttd but conn T. SO 2 HHr, option 2 . SO
llik 5 or I In. 5S» or fleet (0S-9.»Av.ll noon) It. IS
ROBUTSON IltCTlOrllCS Pliant <J0SS Jt».«02J
100] Vara SanrJt Br. SI NH rtiHt.n add *t in
Albuquarqua. NH 1111) Add 51 Shipping t Hand Una
RECORD MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
TRY IT
YOU'LL LIKE IT
•FAST... Machine Language. Not Basic
•EFFICIENT. ..Multi-User Without Swapping
•VERSATILE... Simultaneous File Access
•SIMPLE... Useable By A Complete Novice
ITS THE REAL THING
See our other ad.. .Washington Computer Services
DISASSEMBLE AND
CROSS-ASSEMBLE
680X & 6502 OR
Z-80 & 8080 & 8085
PROGRAMS ON YOUR 6809
USE FULL SCREEN
DISPLAYS FOR
YOUR DATA
GENERATE "WHAT-F'S"
WITH TABULA RASA
INTERFACE YOUR 1/0
SELECTRIC TYPEWRITER
COMPUTER SYSTEMS CONSULTANTS, INC.
1454 Latta Lana, Conyara, GA. 30207
TWaphona 404-493-1717 or 46 4570
SOFTWARE DEPARTMENT
I til PROGRAMS PROVIDED IN SOURCE ON OiSk SPECIFY S I I
SUPER SLEUTH OumnMli Strtlem Hex FLEX' tltionl S MOO
w on 6800 i 9 an«y;«i MOO 1 4 » an) 6SW
-east to ut« ten .neawctve -*•» ilrm martial
- automate ieoe» tvtonai ( CB 'CC fue»
— «nput binary Ma I'om ditt or If om rnamoiy
-memory changes to program thru iuit<tcr*en erWor
-output <s»k ill* may ba aourc* or r>p* t>nsry in*
— commands IrOm menu or from and 10 dilh M*
-ga erates FLEX* and utar dei.ned names
—include* assemble* language XREF pTugram
-contact SMOKE Of CER COMP 'ot non r i_£ < ■ sHIamt
/ B0 BOBO BOBS Disassembler .Similar 10 SLEUTHi S 09 00
runt on 6800 II analyzes /SO S0B0 BOBS
MOO t M05 6SO2 2a0SO<OS Ctoat weembrer* each ssooo
-macro sett 1W TSC 6£0t Maao Aaaamoiar ANY 2 StfJO 00
FULL SCREEN FORMS OlSPL AY lot TSC U01 X BASIC i SO 00
— d>ipiay and adii for lermna-is and video display*
— complete cursor control lor icraan inpul output
-intaractva forms generator documentor provirtad
FULL SCREEN MAILING LIST System lor TSC 6*09 X.BASIC S 100 00
lua screen update and terecton to prmi or ra&ara
TABULA RASA Tabular Cetculel on Program (COMING SOON) S 100 00
-srmitar 10 DESK TOP /PI AN (TM Orurlop computers)
TSC BASIC Rataovanong and XREF Programs S 2S 00
—procasaas TSC BASIC X BASIC PC XPC programs
-parts* and oiant-'tt towantt capebrl.tea
-arpnabetiea irrrl or ail variable* and BASIC vertjt
TSC X.BASIC DISK SOHT MERGE Gentralor s 11 00
-generatt TSC XPC BASIC tori marge Programs
HARDWARE DEPARTMENT
(ALL BOARDS BARE WITH FULL DOCUMENTATION PROVlOEDI
I O SELECTRIC INTERFACE BOARD (tar. at or parallall S 35 00
-ASCII ITTL orRS-232.CTS) in 26-SO» aarenods out
-J70S PROU win Correspond anca Ml code* 1 t S 00
SS SO WIRE WRAP BOARD IS2 1« Pm eouivtient) I :: DO
SS 30 WIRE WRAP BOARD 132 1«P«< eou.vtl.nll I IS 00
SS 30 OUAL ACIA BOARD Imodam control . Baud raleaeni f 30 00
SS SO FRONT PANEL DISPLAY BOARD It* aacooao LEDti 1 10 00
visa and MASTER CARD profaned account e«p data, pnono no
US funcie only Add 7 S% ds% Foteignl lor poaiaga i handling
For Catalog or daaiar discount iniormation contact Bus Past
'FLEX is a trademark ot Tacnwcal Sysiama Coiltullanlt
'66' Micro Journal
37
EOITOR.
RND MORE!
TIRED OF WAITING FOR SOFTWARE DELIVERY?
IrVE SHIP FROM STOCK!
SOFTWRRE
DEVELOPMENT
The Micro Works Software Development
System (S0S80C) Is a complete 6809
editor, assembler and monitor package
contained In one Color Computer program
pack! Vastly superior to RAM-based
assemblers/editors, the SDS80C Is non-
volatile, meaning that i( your application
program bombs, It can't destroy your
editor/assembler. Plus It leaves almost all
ot 16K or 32K RAM tree lor your program.
Since all three programs, editor, assembler
and monitor are co-resident, we eliminate
tedious program loading when going back
and forth from editing to assembly and
debugglngl
The powerful screen-oriented Editor
features finds, changes, moves, copys and
much more. All keys have convenient auto
repeat (typamatlc), and since no line
numbers are required, the full width of the
screen may be used to generate well com-
mented code.
The Assembler features all of the
following: complete 6609 Instruction set;
complete 6600 set suppoited for cross-
assembly; conditional assembly; local
labels; assembly to cassette tape or to
memory; listing to screen or printer; and
mnemonic error codes Instead of numbers.
The versatile ABUG monitor Is a compact
version of CBUG, tailored for debugging
programs generated by the Assembler and
Editor. It features examine/change of
memory or registers, cassette load and
save, breakpoints and more.
SDS80C Pilce: $69.95
SOURCE GENERATOR: This package Is a
disassembler which runs on the color
computer and enables you to generate
your own source listing of the BASIC
Interpreter ROM. Also Included Is a
documentation package which gives
useful ROM entry points, complete mem-
oiy map, I/O hardware details and more.
Disassembler features Include cross-
referencing of variables and labels; output
code which can be reassembled; output to
an 80-column printer, small printer or
screen: and a data table area specification
which defaults to the table boundaries In
the Interpreter ROM. A 16K system is
required for the use of this cassette.
60C Dtaassem bier Price: $49.95
LERRN 6B09!
6809 Assembly Language Programming,
by tance Leventhal, contains the most
comprehensive reference material avail-
able for programming your Color
Computer.
Price: $18.95
PRRRLLEL O!
USE A PARALLEL PRINTER with your
Color Computerl Adaptor box plugs into
the serial port and allows use of
Centronics/Radio Shack compatible
printers with parallel interface. Assembled
and tested.
PtfWC Piloe: $69.95
CBUG IS HERE!
MONITOR TAPE: A cassette tape which
allows you to:
* Examine or change memoiy using a
formatted hex display
* Save areas of memory to cassette In
binary (a "CSAVEM")
* Downloadfupload data or programs to a
host system
* Move the video display page throughout
RAM
* Send or receive RS-232 at up to 9600
baud
* Investigate and activate features of your
computer, such as hi-rea graphics or
machine-language music
* Use your color computer as an Intelli-
gent peripheral for another computer, a
color display or a 6809 program develop-
ment tool
The monitor has 19 commands In all, and is
relocatable and re-entrant.
CBUG Tape Price: $29.95
MONITOR ROM: The same program as
above, supplied In 2716 EPROM. This
allows you to use the entire RAM space.
And you don't need to reload the monitor
each time you use it. The EPROM plugs
Into the Extended Basic ROM Socket or a
modified ROMPACK.
CBUG ROM Pries: $39.95
MEMORY UPGRADE KITS: Consisting of
4116 200ns. Integrated circuits, with
Instructions for Installation. 4K-16K KH
Price-. $39.95. 16K-32K Kit (requires solder-
ing experience) Price: $39.95
THE
3
MasterCharge/Visa Accepted
California residents add 6% tax.
P.O. BOX 1110, DEL MAR, CA 92014 [714] 942-24DD
JPC PRODUCTS FOR
6800
COMPITKRS
USES
ONE
I/O
SLOT
16CHANNEL A/D BOARD
• 8 BIT DATA
• SOFTWARE CONTROLLED GAIN
• 3300 SAMPLES PER SECOND
• ± 0.7% ACCURACY
COMPLETE KIT: AD-16 $69.95
Ttrmi; Cash, NIC or Vi.a; Shipping b Handling S3 00
Order Phone I505) 294-4623
P.O. Box 5615
Albuquerque, N.M. 87185
WANTED
Qualified Dealers To
Sell and Install
Accountants Write-Up
Systems:
This is a well designed, easy to use system with
features like: Custom Formatting of Financial
Statements, Combined General Ledger and Payroll,
Departmental and Consolidated Capabilities, Multiple
Clients on a Diskette, Good Audit Trail.
Source Code released under license agreement. Run-
ning under Flex™ Demo Kit available for $100.00 which
Includes Demo Diskette, Operator Instructions, Sample
Reports.
Flu Is o Tr*4«mi<k or Tecnmcji Sv>i«r» Consuila/ilt. Inc.
"\
dp systems
s
(615) 396-2161 • po box 567 • coltegedale tn 37315
HUMBUG
small and GREAT
at the same time!
In terms of size, our little HUMBUG is probably one of the smallest
things you can add to your system. Butin terms of utility, power, and
convenience it may well be THE GREATEST!
HUMBUG is a momtor ROM which plugs into your CPU board
instead of your present monitor and is a totally compatible replace
ment. All the standard monitor commands and routines are there, and it will run the same software. But there is
more.
HUMBUG is not just a monitor— it is also a complete debugging system. It has additional commands for
displaying memory contents in various formats (including ASCII); filling, moving, searching, and checking memory
contents; doing memory tests; inserting multiple breakpoints, even single-stepping through programs one
instruction at a time. HUMBUG lets you start and stop programs from the keyboard —without pushing RESET And
when a program goes into 'never-never-land'. HUMBUG can stop it and tell you where it was when stopped. But
there is more.
HUMBUG provides full 1/0 control from the keyboard. Turn a printer port on and off; enable a user-written port;
pause when the screen is full; even turn off your main terminal output and let the program run without being slowed
down by output. A printer spooling feature provides a 1K RAM buffer for your printer, and overlaps printing with
processing for greater speed. But there is more.
HUMBUG can support your video board. That and a keyboard can replace an expensive terminal, and provide
greater speed and versatility as well. Alilows simple cursor control, cursor read, and screen read too. But there is
more.
HUMBUG is available for 6600. 6602. and 6609 CPU boards made by SWTP, Gimix. Percom, and Star-Kits. It
supports a serial terminal, or video boards made by Percom, Thomas, or F&D, It comes in either 2706 or 2716
EPROMs, and in either 2K, 3K or 4K versions, at prices ranging from $40 to $75 which include a full manual and full
source code. There are several versions, depending on your hardware configuration, and its a good idea to get our
catalog and HUMBUG spec sheet first. If you want it real fast, call us up any evening with a 300-baud modem and
LIST HUMBUG.DAT on our computerized bulletin board. While you're at it, feel free to leave a message for other
68xx users on the system or even place an order.
STAR-KITS
P.O. Box 209, Mt. KJsco NY 10549 (914) 241-0287
'66' Micro Journal
39
JPC PRODUCTS FOR
6800
"\
COMPUTERS
High Performance Cassette Interface
• FAST - 4000 Baud Loads 4K m B Seconds'
• HELIAaUE - Error flaie Less Than 1 in 10* Byres
• CONVENIENT ■ Plugs Directly Into The BWTPC.
• PLUS - A Fully Buttered B Bm Output Pott Provided
• LOW COST ■ $53 95 For Complete Kit
• OPTIONAL - CFM/3 File Manager
Manual b Listing S19 96
(For Cassette Add) % 6 95
r(H*s cash «*c o. vis* snwifl 4 H«mi><i<« Stoo
'JPC product*
Order Phone 1505) 294-4623
P.O. Box 5615
Albuquerque, N.M. 87165
EPROM PROGRAMMER KITS
Shown assembled
Parts & box not included
Requires approx $6 ol easily
obtainable components
For single supply 2516 E, 2716 EPROMS, Performs following
functions: Verify Erased. Program. Verfly Contents. Transfer
Contents to RAM.
Select Documentation For: Use with:
6502 6522 VIA
6800 6620 PIA
6809 6820 PIA
8080/8085/Z80 8255 PPI
Documentailon includes schematic, instruciions for construc-
tion, check-out, and use. and software listing for specified MPCI.
PC Board & Documentation .. . $15.00
Additional Software Listings $ 5.00
Documentation Only ... . s 10.00
PC Board Only s 10.00
Iv Cwtt frVniaqr Paid In ft AmrriCd Artroru irydenls add 3X S*W% l<m
I ivrr>ra% Add S2 00 fw posldOr G nondJing
Micro Technical Products
814 W. Keating Ave.. Dept. J • Mesa. A2 85202
X..
\
-vj;
BUSINESS SOFTWARE TO EINHAINCE YOUR SYSTEM
Business software Tor FLEX n H i systems: Our GENERAL LEDGER. ACCOUNTS
RECEIVABLE, and ACCOUNTS PAYABLE can be linked together and run as a single
package. Some of the advantages of this package are:
Thorough manuals
Ledger
departmentalization
Linked operation of
GENERAL LEDGER
ACCOUNTS PAYABLE
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
Protected audil trail
Password protection
You have the benefit of Ihe "hammering" of many users for two yean on our business programs, and Lhe free
consulting we offer to each customer.
In addition to our business packages, we offer a powerful screen-editing word processor, a doctor's billing
system, a record matiagemem system, a terminal commuiicalions package, assemblers, cross assemblers,
disassemblers, and debuggers. We also are a distributor for TSC tofiware, and several independent programmers
throughoul the United Stales. If you have a program you would like us 10 market, or wish lobe a dealer for our soft-
ware, please comact us at (308) S29-J2I0.
General Ledger — $295 Accounts Receivable — $295 Accounts Payable — $295
GREAT PLAINS COMPUTER CO. INC. — P.O. Box 916 — Idaho Falls, Idaho 83401
i f ajjrmj; L uf Its.hiktt.jkj \turttii t mtiulLaJtii
3
40
'68' Micro Journal
WESTERN CANADIAN DISTRIBUTOR
Epson Printers
Memorex Disketts
Dealer for:
Gimix
SWTPC
MPI
AKord & Associates
Thomas Instrumentation
Computer Systems Consultants
CUSTOM IN HOUSE SOFTWARE
JIVAl COMPUTER SYSTEMS LTD
12525 A 127 St.
Edmonton, Alberta T5L1A3
Canada (403) 454-0584
Jim Steene
DISK DRIVE WOES?
PRINTER INTERACTION?
MEMORY LOSS?
ERRATIC OPERATION?
Don't
Blame The
Software!
Power Una Splkea, Stiroes &
Hash cook) b« lha culprit! P " •*■»•■"*
Floppies, prlnlera. memory & processor otlan Inter ctl Our
palented ISOLATORS eliminate equlprnent Inleractlon ANO cuib
damaging P wer Line Splkea. Surges and Hash
• ISOLATOR (ISO-1) 3 inter laolate 3-pr0»g aoehel*: Integral
Surge/Spike SuPPreeelOrv 1875 W Maximum load. 1 KW load any
toclel 16295
• ISOLATOR (ISO-2) 2 filter la late 3 ptong socket benke: (6
sockets totals Integral Spike/Surge Suppretilon 1875 W Max
lood. 1 KW either bank U2J»i
• SUPER ISOLATOR (ISO 3} almllar to ISO 1 .ic.pl double
tillering * Suppreeiion IMS*
• ISOLATOR (ISO 4i. tlmllar to ISO-1 except unit hat fi
Indlwrduelly tillered sockets J106.9S
• SUPER ISOLATOR (150-11) elmllei lo ISO* excepl double
HHerlrw a Suppression SM.95
■ CIRCUIT BREAKER, any modelladSVCB) Addl 8.00
• CKT BRKPJSWtTCHfPILOT < CBS> Add StB.OO
AT YOUR
DEALERS
Maatet'Cerd, Vita, Amerleen Eirxea
Order Toll free I 800 22!i 4876
(except AK. HI. PR a Canada)
Z*V Electronic Specialists, fnc
<:< Jaw"* M.iit Stirrl «r»r*i w.. - Oi'f-0
Technical & N on 800 1 61765V1532
VS-1 SPEAKER
VOICE SYNTHESIZER...
T*e vs-l "SPEAKEA" voice synthesiser la so interface board for
the SS-SO bum wblcb provides uollnltod huaan speecb capability
at a and eat price. The Vs-l Is Intended for tbe Industrial and
canoe re la I appllcatloo where ap*c lal Izod vocabularies aod ease
of proBTannlDt na*to "canned -aeasatfe** ayotbealzers uaaul table.
By uiIde pboossw coding, high quality apeecb, tailored to atest
any appllcatloo, is possible.
FEATURES -
pboooae coding atlova uollnltod apsecb
low dsts rste doesn't hag a>U tine
efficient - very little swojory needed for awsesgas
procraasiable loflectlon sad pitch
oo-board as.pl Wier drives 4* or 8-oba apeaker directly
aosonbled , tested , buroed lo
Steele Clsaa A device rsdlstloo ll»lta under FCC Psrt IS
dip-swltcb decode eelsct for 4* or 16-addreas I/O
dlp-awltcb programmable HKI aod IRQ Interrupts
SPECIFICATIONS -
PH0NEHE CODES
INFARCTION LEViLS
VOICE PITCH
DATA RATS
MESSAGE MEMORY
AOD 10 OUTPUT
RESIDUAL NOISE
SIZE
LOCATION
AXJOagSSIBO
POSKB REQUIREMENT
SPEAKER CONNECTOR
SOFTWARE-
61 plus 3 pause, 1 stop
4 major, 16 minor - 64 total
oato baritone, variable baas to tooor
4 to 20 BPS, depending upon p ho a me
appro* . ooe by te-per- letter lo Sag 1 lab
.2 watt ivrriit, a watt peak ioto 8-ohw.a
-45 dSn typical
3 1/2" by 5 1/4" (standard I/O aiate)
one 30-pio I/O slot
four addresses lo I/O space
+8 vdc • 100 aw* ■ M4 vdc • ISO u. m**.
10-plo sol ox, oat log half supplied
VOX-EDITOR aaeewolcally edit* manage (source locluded)
example programe Id assestbly aod Bsalc
apavcb fllss
eblpped oo 5- or S-locb dlak for aiegle-uecr TSC or 8SB DOS
6800 or 0*0* code
iftf in I Kt Ml »«■
■ ■ i i ' i Hi
fc HI I HI ,
„ „ U IMIUit M ' " '
( i^ — ^
VII
irtsTTtti
■r r « **'
- »■ JT w
V »j
I ml
1 1*4 M
:i
VS-l SPEAKER, manual, program dlak $229.95
sUSTEBCARu, VISA. UPS COS'., cbtcki sccsptod. All payment. HOST
be dr. wo oo funds In U.S. bank.. Vlrglols resident, sdd 41 stste
ssles tax. Shipping pre-paid oo continental order.. Oo overseas
order., add $15 for ablpploa. Open account, by previous written
arrangement only. Sblpplog fro. stock to 30 days. Office boura
.re from a 30 to 5:30 EST <EDT). Monday through Prldsy.
ALFORD & ASSOCIATES
P.O. BOX B743
RICHMOND, VA. ( 23230
B04-320-B7S2
66 Micro Journal
41
SMOKE SIGNAL
BROADCASTING
31336 VIA C'OI.INAS WESTLAKE VII. I. AGE. C'A 91362 TF.I. (213) 889-9340 / J\\\ 910-494-4965
MICROPRODUCT BULLETIN
THE HOST POWERFUL, FLEXIBLE AND RELIABLE
HARD DI8K SYSTEMS —
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• Smoke Signal offers complete Winchester-based systems, all tested for reliability at 2 MHz
operation. All CHIEFTAIN™ hard disk computer systems support OS-9 Multi-User
operating system and DOS69D.
• All CHIEFTAIN™ Series computer systems — from BK-Inch to 8-lnch to Winchester —
are completely compatible.
Smoke Sibil's two omul most axcltiof
addttfcaa to the aHEmm™ Satis are the
CrnDTAOr* 98W1D tad (MKPtADP 96*30
Bath of these computer eyitama provide the
SB40 and 8809 user with Bt*t»of thMrt
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■me cmHTAra" oewio — the 10
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aystam — tod tbe CHIEFTAIN'" 9SW30
(the 30 yaa&byta vBwtan) — are available
sow running 06-9 Multf Uear and O0888D
Under 06-8. tbe 98W10 and 98W30
systems will run appUntiaas crowded by
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Data HaBBBrcb. waafiloaVD Computer Sarvtaes.
and any other CB-9-baaed eoftwar* Tbe
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further with aftdlattfcne from Computer
ware Software and other OOBflflEHnB patlbla
appltaallooa. Throuib Smoke SAbal'e Dealer
IntrvaUm e>»»hmjt t kaaandi of proven
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Hlgaleval Uafluige, lnoludina Qmputar-
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BASIC 09. and other planned Ukroware
lacgVajM, will run on both tbe CHIEFTAIN'*
98W10 and 99W30 aa waU as the entire
epaoorum pf CHETTArK'' oamputare.
Tba oamplata bard dlak CHSFTATN"
srsffiaa start at 18686.00 Both CHKFTAM"'
bard disk ey-Mme oome standard with i
MHx 6809 CPU. 32K of RAM (expandable),
dual Serial Porta. OCMA Disk Controller
Board. D0369D Opsretlng 8yst«m. hard dlak
Interface, and one 8-lnoh double^fded floppy
dlek drive (1 Mafsbyts).
Contact Smoka Swnal for mformaunn on
20 Magtbyu Tape Btraaoer Backup Option.
OKAY . . .rm
interested
in your
computer^fc-
a Send CKBrTAIN " 96W10 and 96HSO Icformatloo and product oauiof.
Q Sand Dealer Information.
Phone (
SMOOTH |M Software
Modem P/ogrem with Olsk File Tramler <in»fruclton» and Source Luting) J 30 00
Disk wilh source end object code add 10 00
Specify 6800 or 6809, SSB or FLEX", 5" or 6"
ALL IN ONE ror only $45 00
Editor - Tent Pioceasor - M*«iir*g Labels
Mailing Li ill - Use any CRT terminal and punter
ftupsjprta tswttrki commends such as pouom change deiete lind inscM ismgiehrwj,
npwi imuiTiple fiinmj i'ii nail, overlay (wiin cursor editing, character deletion and
insertion), oveninke (Tor selected darker ie«U,pt ml restart, set. top. underline up and
verily
Support* Teat Processing command* such as block copy, block move, ceniernig
mojgtn juilificaliori (wide and neiruw). paging, and tabbing
MaMing lmu mkJ Latefe. Um tne wme maiang H*| dm 'tie |wHh protected eiees) for
bolt mailing label* and lepeat letlcs Repeat iclte*s a<e personally ad rested to each
parson or seiecied persona on Ihe mailing list
Uoal Powerful File Handier loundmanyeditor Append one tile to Intend of another, or
•nwri <<netge j rx* lee "iiq aooihe* a* dawgnaied; by it*m |ma oa»mer Prmi spociijed
knee to your Pnnie* or to a dns htm Edit lit** target ih*n the lent buher Qoes not
produce Output lite* wnen not deSired Del le disk Mes irom the edilor
Pnnie r command!. ConlfOl characters can be aenl to the primer tor formal control
either directly irom the control terminal Di by imbedding mam .n the teal The *or
command contains interlace initialisation and cnerecter ulPul routines lo support Ihe
SvVTPC MPC interface as wen u ine standard sanel and parallel interlaces Jumpsare
also provided lo user supplied printer routines Ueersetec Istneporl address |Olhru7. A
or 8) thereby olimi rating ihe need for ihe user lo msiah printer soli* me ton lines Ed Aot
can be imiialued ror aimer 4 ot 16 addresses pe» pon
Editor 4lf0wsejiilinglOeilherlhemon<lor or DOS end men reenter (WarmSlarl) wllioul
destroying previo ely prepared lent m tne butler Tine Restart command ereses
contents in the butter wilhoui the user navmg lore toad tne Editor
The Editor allows the user to toggle between full duple* (no echo) and hail duple*.
(echo) u heeded n responds to commands in bom upper and lower cese andean bo
used to create assembler sour e code end Besic programs as well as le*l
Specily 6600 0*6809 SSSur FLEX"* 5 or 6 4*. ilfi
Printed source listing is available lor an additional 3600
Software oy Technical Systems Consultents, Int.
Fie'"* (includes Editor end Assembler) 150 00
UniFLEX* (includes one year maintenance end updala) 450 00
Editor 50 00
Assembler 50 00
6809 Cross Assembler on 6800 100 00
66000 Cross Assembler on 6800 o* 6809 250 00
Ten Processor 75 00
Basrc 75 00
Extended fteaic lOOOO
Basic Precompiler (epeciiy standard or extended* 50 00
Mum-User Basic lor S'OS 150 00
Pascal (Flex"*) 300 00
Pascal (UnrFLEX-) ■• 225 00
"'One yeer moinlenen e end update add 7500
6800 Flex" Utilities 100 00
6809 Pita ■"■ UtitilhBS 75 00
Debug Pecfcege 75 00
□regnosttc Package 75 00
The lolluwmg are available ror 6800 only
Soap IS ack orient o arithmetic processor) 25 00
Floating Pomi Padago 25 00
Sewn l ilc Funclt oni Pec k*ge 25 00
Retocator 25 00
Disassembler 25 00
Micro Bes4c Plus 25 00
Space Voyage 25 00
6600 Game Package III 25 00
6800 Mini Monitor 5 00
Sell va ere fet Micro Were S J items Core.
OSQ- Level One Operatrng System" I&5 00
OS-9" Lesel Two operating Syslem" 495 00
BASlCOS*" 195 00
"Voerly Maintenance and Update add S7S 00
OS 9 ' Tent Ed.lor 95 00
OS-9" tnteractrve Assembler gs rjo
OS-9" Interacirve Debugger <D**k. version^ 35 00
RT/68 Reel Time Operalrng Syslem 16630 or 2708) 75 00
Specify manufacturer and type Of CPU and I/O controller
ABASlC on cassette (Limited quantity) Phone tot special prico
SWTPC
6209 9" intelligent Terminal 945 00
6212 tZ~ Intelligent Terminal 995 00
62I2HV 12" Intelligent Terminail with word processing ennoncemenls i09S 00
DC-1 or OC-2 S~ Disk cont'oller (lim.led quantity) 125 00
CT-64 Terminal kil tn original lactory sealed box (limited quanMy) 32600
DMF-2 8 DMA double density, double Sided controller board 495 00
MPS Senei Interlace (awitfte port krl) 40 00
MP-S2 Senai mieiface idual port assembled) 120 00
MP'LA Parallel mieiiace (dual pon mij 40 00
MP-L2 Parallel interface (dual poit. assembled) 120 00
MP- ft Single voltage £718 prom programmer (ail) 49 96
MP-R Smgta voltage 2716 p om programmer tesaamble) 99 50
MPNCelculalor board Ikrl) 5496
MP-N Calculator board (assembled) 60 00
MP-T Interrupt limer |kil| 4750
MP-T Interrupt limer (assembled) 80 00
MP-8M 8K 4044 Memory board (»;•■ Specrel. limited quenlrtyl 180.00
MP-8M 6K 4044 Memory board (assembl | 235 00
£32 Universal Sialic Memory Board 99.50
S3216 Unrvarsal Static Memory Boerd wrlft >6K Ram 295 00
S3232 Unrversel Static Memory Board Willi 32K Ram 496 00
mp-09 6809 CPu board kit (add $60.00 for assembled Wflh aocketsi 175 00
MA Chaser*. PS. 2MH1 6809 Processor, fl". RAM, Or4 Serial Port 695 00
6&/K Kit version of above 5 75 00
6*00 CPU and Oeilt ControUer Boards
Due 10 the relative u navaiiab.iriw of inaee SWTPC ilemk pleeaa)
rate; to me nexl column for ELEKTRA and GiMlX atlerne^vet
Phone tor SvVTPC avarlabrlity
Unlvaraal6flXK Ueltiefbo^d. SS SO/50 C 4^18 addresses t»r port 60 00
Connectors |10 p*n. Titan lum-Tm pleled 5 microns lor near gold quality)
Male witri square cross Section pins each SO
Femeie each 75
SMOOTH UstJ ELEKTRA are trademarks oi AAA Chicago Computer Center
FLEK and UnlFLEX are trademarks or Technrcat Systems Consultants, the
ObV9 and 8A8IC09 are trademarks of Micro wire Systems Corp
CLEKTRA M SS50 Computer Products
OPSb Dual Port Senal inlertsce bare board and documentation 20 00
OPPb Dual Port Parallel Interlace bare boerd and documentation 20 00
MBb Motherboard bareboard and documentation*
(motherboard is I rminaied and has ground lines separating each or the data
and address tines)
6/90 6808-6809 CPU bare board and documentation * 16608 supports 8800 software)
'Pn e to be announced when product ■* available
HUMBUG llrom STAR-KITS) for 6/9 CPU board
2K version lor 8800(6800 1 4000
HUMBUG-09 lor 6809 75 00
Other HUMBUG versions including video versions are available tSpecity syslem)
C omel (heavy gauge. 2 cutouts tor 5 1/4 disk drives, drive mount, line
cord line fuse, power Switch, reset swilch. 70 ctm Ian. EMI drier.
6 RS-232 cutouts) and power supply (20a 6v, 4e I6v. 4a -*6v), use any
Current SS-50 or SS-S0C mo hc-rboard 395 00
Cabinet wlhoui pc wer supply 250 00
Powe- supply (20a 6v 4a 16*. 4a-16v) 175 00
5 disk regulator board 25 00
Filler plate for 5-1.4 cutout 1000
MPI 5 i'*" OlSK ORIVE8 with 30 day guarantee and 5 msec sieppmg rale
Our servrce deparfmtnr morouy^iy fears ovotY MM dnv* be'ove we >fnp
B5l - Srngle read, srngle or double density capabrlrty, 40 (racks $250 00
BS2 - Double Iraed, srngle or double densily capabrlrty 40 X 2 tracks 335 00
B9I Smgle rwad single oi double density capability, BO I racks 336,00
B92 - Double huad. Single or double density capabrlrty 80 X 2 Hacks 470 00
MPI - Sorvice Manual 20 00
Ahgnmenl Service (5 U4j* or 8" llopPy drrvesl 60 00
Repair Service (Cost based on parts end lebor)
Minimum lee il no truuble round 25 00
Dual drive cabinet ror 5 1/4 drives with Power supply, line C0id. fuse.
pewer switch end Power cables to dnvos 125 00
Oynamiie Disasseinbler 60 00
SUPER 51EUTH Osassembler Syftem 99 00
MlcioUme 6800 CatefKJar and Clock Board (assembled and tested! 10500
Bareboard. earwunJoi. end docum nletion only or above 36 00
(See revrpw feu i9ou 68 Micro Journal)
Epson Pilnler (Ceririomcs compatible parallel inleitace) 496 00
(with Serial RS 232 rntertace option) add 75 00
Spdrr* Pi in I Mi- Ail 30 00
Spare ribbon <,:urir>dg«* 15 00
Optimal Technology, tne. EP-2A-79 Eprom Progrommer 169 00
PM-0. PM-l, f M-5 PM-6, PM-7 Peisonalny Modules eecli 18 00
PM-2, PM-4 eech 34 00
iv- 26 00
PM-8 36 00
GIMIX (The Ultimate)
6800 CPU Boerd 224 03
witn timera 288 08
with baud rale option add 30 00
with 2MH2 oplron »00. 15 00
2 MH£ 6809 Ptuh vfU. time ol day cl ck, battery beckup, IK NMOS RAM 576 OS
CMOS RAMsubblilution g qq
GIMIX Dynamrc Address Trenslaior 35 00
SWPTC compatible OAT 15 00
95 II A Artlnmeac Processor (4MHt) 3 ' 2 00
9512 Arithmetic Pro eseor I3MH/) 26600
GMXBUG-09 (Terminal Based) 1 K scratenpsd required 98 65
Bootstrap Prom 30 00
Video Prom (in ludes bootslrep) 30 00
Manual and Source Listing only 38-62
Missing cycle delect card 38 23
Disk Controllers lAII nave data separators and can be used Willi either single
or double heeded drrves)
5 smgle denaily controller wilnout 1771 chip 158 36
5 Misgle denary conttoiter compiele 19&48
5 eno 6 wngle density controller compeHe STB 68
5 double densily controller wiih variable precomp 348 28
DMA 5" AND 8" double density controller wilh varrabie precomp S48 68
GIMIX veraion ot FLEX " Iwrthoul Editor and Assemblar) 9000
Double disk regulator card 68 22
Ribbon cable for two 5 M disk drives (short) 34 98
Ribbon cable for two 5 I '4" disk drrves (long) 39 96
Ribbon cable for two 8* disk dnves (long) A* 26
Memory
D5K SlSlrc RAM B rd Willi I6K ol RAM mslaled 298 12
32K Static RAM Board with 24K Of RAM rnslatled 348 14
32K Si uc RAM Board Willi 32K of RAM installed 398 15
64K Sialic RAM B rd with S€K of RAM installed 994 66
64K Sialic RAM B rd Willi 64K Of RAM rnslatled 10 8864
16 Socket EPROM;ROM/RAM Board 23832
HK Promntjard 12708} 98 34
4K PPO 4K Prom Board end 2708 Prom Burner 198 00
VO Boards
Smgie porl 30 pm s rial interlace (Requires I ceble set) 88 41
Dual port 30 pm serial mler'aee (Requires 2 cable sets) t28 43
8 porl 60 pm senal interlace with baud rate generator 318 46
Dual port 30 pm parallel interface (Requires 2 cable sets) 88 42
8 port SOpm parallel interface with mleriupt generator 198 45
Cable sets for above boards (specily board) 22 96
Video Boards
64 or 32 X 16 196 71
80 X 24 without RAM character generator 396 74
80 X 24 with RAM character generator 4 58 76
High resolution (512 X 512 dol resolution} 998 77
?MHjr 6809 PLUS Computer System with S8K Memory 2498 29
W am ira me (Chassis. P5. Switches. Fan, Motheiboard, Baud Rete Pen ) 998 19
Prices subject lo rhendr wiihuuE advanced noirce
Phone Consul lit mn
Mast waekoeyi 4 pm 10 6 PM
Saturdays teicepl July end Aug) 1 1 AM lo 5 PM
Shippmg end handling estimates
Within the Continental U S, please add 15 00 or 3% whenever n greater
Foreign, prepaid and add SID DO or 10"* errMcne>er n g r peter
(irajht items only) Heavy items must be prepaid and win be
shipped Emery An freight Collect
Please phone during consultation houis <t questions at •so regarding
shipprng lee*.
Xraa/er Crierge- v'aie, and Amencart £*{»*$* honored
r\AA Chicago Computer Center
120 Cheslnul Lane. Wheeling. IL 60090
(312) 459-0450
<§
Sf E OIMIX A0 PAQES 3 A 48
Oea'enor G/W/X, SSB. SW7PC, Vrc/owa/a Systems Corp, arid 7~ech/tfC«/ 5ysrsms Consuftenra, rnc
DIGITAL RESEARCH COMPUTERS
(214) 271-3538
32K S-100 EPROM CARD
NEW!
fllllM
UIII1II
i ■
USES 2716s
Blank PC Board - $34
ASSEMBLED B TESTED
ADD $30
SPECIAL 2T1e EPROM . (410 NS) At* IS PS Ea. WHh Above Kit
7 Any or all EPROM location* can pa
disabled
6 OouMeiloeo PC board aoldet-maiked
aitk-ac/eened
9 Gotdpl.Vjd cnntKJ linger.
10 unaMM EPFtCMuri autooiaucarty
oo wared down tor low powar
11 Fully buttered and bypasied
12 Eaay and quick to eftsemble
KIT FEATURES
t U*e*«5V0«y 27t» (2K«rJ| EPROM a
2 Allow! up to 3?K of aollwara on llnrji
3 IEEE S-100 Compatible
a AdO/rnaaole a* rwo independent t€K
Nock*
5 CromemcD ejtlendad or Northalarbanl.
select
6 On board waiialat* crrcuiiry it needed
16K STATIC RAM KIT-S 100 BUSS
32K SS-50 RAM
$ 329
00
KIT
For 2MHZ
Add $10
Blank PC Board
♦SO
For SWTPC
100 - 6B09 Buss
Support IC'a
and Caps
$19.95
Complale Socfcel Sat
$21.00
Fully Assembled,
Tested. Bumad In
Add $30
Al Laid An attordabi* 12K Slink RAH wilt lull
teOt capability
FEA URE8
1 UaatptMin low power 2114 Stalk RAMI,
X, Support! SS50C- EXTENDED- A00RESSINO.
3. All pert! and locket! Included.
4. Dip Swltcfi ed*eea eeted aa a UK Modk.
a. f .tended eddrtwwig can ba Masted.
« Work* with a» aialklt 1*00 SSM araleirra.
7. Fully appealed PC Board la double aldad.
plalM thru, with idk acreen.
16K STATIC RAM SS-50 BUSS
PRICE CUT!
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIH
.in 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ii 1 1 ii
PRICE CUT!
BLANK PC BOARD W /DATA-MS
LOW PROFILE SOCKET SET *12
SUPPORT IC'S A CAPS-SlftAS
Kii if ailaes —
t AdriPwlatfM* HI lour Mpaiat* 4K Biocti.
7 ON BOWIE BANK SELECT ttfrtJUrVV iCro»
m-Mirco SUrhdaipd'i A<io#i up toMJK rw iir* 1
3 Ui*t ?IH (4S0NS) 4K SliTic fl#fni
t OHBOAHOSCLECTAdiE WAIT 5T*TFS
5 Doub** tadfxt PC Brt*fd w-rn uUvf man* and
inn K>«ty->d utvoui GoupiiftartcaniKirinij***
A aii *«.,•« «nd 4m- im« hiy tH.rtr^ ASSEMBLED & TESTED ADD $35
7 KH Irtcluttel ALL 1.41 1* And »oci*lf
8 PHANTOM ii |timpn'i>d lf>PtN*T
9 LOW POWt-n yn*' 1 1 *mpi TYPICAL hotn
m# *fi Voff BuU
ID Stan* PC Bo*rd tun t-v poputahHl « mi
wiL.it.pl* ot * K,
OUR # 1 SELLING
RAM BOARD!
H tvNV STEREO! ***,
S-100 SOUND COMPUTER BOARD '
COMPLETE KITI
$3495
(WITH DATA MANUAL
Al Mat an S-100 Soaro thai
unooHevable6orwellr»iruriw» . A YJ-aaTOWaAOS computet
lound ICi Alto** you under KrUI computer control to
generate an intrnne number ot aoacial eound atlaclt for
girnee or any other program SoundAcenbo called In ASIC
A SSI MULT LANOUAGE ale
KIT If » TUBE 4
. two at sound ajouaviroi <c\
• four parallel no torts oh board-
• USCS ON BOARD AUDIO AMPSOR YOUR STEREO
• DM BOARO PHOTO TYPING AREA
- ALL SOCKETS. PARTS AND MARDWARE ARE INCLUDED
• PC HOARD IS KOlDf RMASKED SILK SCREENED WITH COLO CONTACTS
• EASY QUICK AND 'UN TO BUILD WITH FULL INSTRUCTIONS
• USCS PROG RAM M*0 l« (OR MAXIMUM SYSTEM FLEXIBILITY
Born aaatc and A n e u ibl y Lanpuaga Programming aaamPw* an. included
■OrrDARC:
SCL-i> now eveUabUri Our sound Command language mahea writing- Sound EltecUp-ooram.
aSNAPl SCL-alao Include* roinlna. ror Pagr.lar.rUafflina-Mod.ry MamorV IMminaModiiy
and Play .Marnofy . SCl~ » l.allabla on CPiM' eompeliWa dllttetta or SICK or 27 tS Diaaafle -
Ua.es 270B . itses 7716 . isaa. Oaaan* <ncAA» ma *puroa EPROM-S ara ORO al
■MM
BLANK PC
BOARO W/OATA
$31
*159
KIT
llllllllllllllll
Jlllllllllllllll
FULLY STATIC!
FOR 2MHZ
A00 S10
FOR SWTPC
6800 BUSS!
f]
ASSEMBLED AND
TESTED - 135
KIT FEATURES
l AddrnaabJean 1c K Bovnriariei
7 u« ?t n Sialic Ram
3 Futty Bypasaeo
4 OoLibla .Mad PC Board Solder mash
and no. acreenad t.youi
$ All PBila and Socket, included
6 Low Powvr Under I S Arnp* Typical
BLANK PC BOARO— $35 COMPLETE SOCKET SET-S12
SUPPORT IC'S AND CAPS-S19.95
SPECIAL PURCHASE!
UART SALE!
TR1602B — SAME AS TMS6011,
AY5-1013.ETC. 40 PIN DIP
TR1602B
$2^5
EACH
4 For $ 10
00
CRT CONTROLLER CHIP
SMC kCRT 5037. PROGRAMMABLE FOR SO a 24. ETC. VERV RARE
SURPLUS FIND. WITH PIN OUT 112.95 EACH
4K STATIC RAM
National Semi. MM5257 Arranged 4K X 1 *5V. 18 PIN DIP A
Lower Power. Plug in Replacement lor TMS 4044 450 NS.
Several Boards on the Market Will Accept These Rems SUPER
SURPLUS PURCHASE! PRIME NEW UNITSI
B FOR $16 32 FOR $59.95
NEW! G.I. COMPUTER SOUND CHIP
AY3-efll0 Ab M-fttured In July 1979 BYTE. A IfrAtul, colly pcnft-iul Sound & Uumc
G«n«Md1ai Perfeci for uitw^h «ny *3e>l MiCfOpfOCfjMOr Cunlains 3Tafv» CnonofJO.
NotwQanef Pt0», 3 Chirnvii of Ampi+iud** Control IBbit Envotope Pe»»od CoKro* 2 .fl
B*l P*t ■l«rl I/O 3DtO ACOfwv«1«Tf» p-uifTiLith mo**> A»*n on*40P.ri OlP SuC*«*a«y
initiltoi to itva S-100 ot olh«r dumes Si 1.95 PHiCE CU
SPECIAL OFFER: «4«v«s e*ch Add S3 tor 60 page Data Manual
Digital Research Computers
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MANAGER
NOW AVAILABLE
Accts. Receivable/Order Input $495.00
Accts. Payable/Purchase Order $495.00
General Ledger $495.00
Manufacturer >> Inventory $495.00
Payroll $495.00
Scheduled Maintenance Program $495.00
Inventory 11 $495.00
Manuals with Print-Outs $ 20.00
DBM2FLEX* ....$450.
UNIFLEX* *..$550.
Custom Programming
Services Available
DBM 2 and DBM UNIFLEX contain
source listings.
Create Data Files
Build Files
Edit Files
Sort Programs
Generate Report Programs
File Utility Programs
General Utility Programs
SOFTWARE AVAILABLE THROUGH THESE DEALERS
Barney & Associates 113 W. Fifth Pittsburg, Kansas
Bonelli Media Assoc. 1116 N. 38iti St. Allentown. Pa. 18104
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Paris Radio 7A Button St. Darlinghurst.NSW Australia
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The Computer Store P.O Box 4045 Little Rock, Ark. 72214
2457 Wehrle Drive • Buffalo. New York 14221 • (716) 631-3011
■FLEX AND UNIhXEX AKE TRADEMAfiKS OF TECHNICAL SYSTEMS CONSULTANTS.
ijniversaU
DATA
RESEARCH'
|NC.
SALE — SALE — SALE
ON HAND NOW, 80 PCS.
SPECIAL BUY!
EPSON MX-70 PRINTER
80 char/sec, adjustable 4 to 10 inch pin feed.
5x7 dot matrix. % ASCII char, set, parallel
interface, one line buffer. 10CP1 or 5CP1
(software select), takes 3 part paper, size =
4.3 x 14 x 7 inches. 12 lbs., full factory war-
ranty.
POST PAID $375.00
NO COD's
HHH STANDARD SYNTAX
GRAPHICS
Same syntax for all supported devices!
Your graphics programs will run on other
peoples systems, regardless of the device.
(Assuming standard syntax driver for same).
Source, Doc and object on disk. 0S9 Mod-
ules for:
Hazelwood VC-256
255 x 250
S25.00
Watanabe 'Digi-Plot'
2000 x 3000 $25.00
These are on hand, specify 5 or 8 inch disk.
Modules for Gimix Video board. Hi-Plot and
others are in the works. Special while they
last. I VC-256 board with 0S9 diskette -
$32? .
<&
We sell and support:
GIMIX (See GIMIX ad pages 3 & 56)
SMOKE SIGNAL BROADCASTING
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We also know how to mix and match brands
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'68' MICRO JOURNAL
if The only ALL 6800 Computer Magazine.
it More 6800 material than all the others com-
bined: MAGAZINE COMPARISON
(2 years)
Monthly Averages
6800 Articles TOTAL
KB BYTE CC DOBB'S ' PAGES
7.8 6.4 2.7 2.2 19.1 ea. mo.
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46
'68' Micro Journal
STYLOGRAPH
6809
WORD PROCESSING SYSTEM
(formerly STYLUS) will give your 6809
real text Processing muscle. It is a fully integrated,
interactive, text processing system with state-of-the-art
features such as:
. OASOft basis cprrtHQ
. imUMK ON-SOON KMMATTMG
• MSTANT SOON UKnATINC
. «7WEBUl nBMTINO 0»«W
. SiMfUL, SnUOHTKmi AKD OOCUMCNTATK>N
. fUX AND OS-* COMf ATWUTV
• UHBA1 UPOATI fOUCV
Versions are available tor CT-8S, Soroe, Hazeltine, HeaOi, DEC,
Televldeo, Ueetiye, rvvcroterm, Intertube, Lear Slegler, and Gtmix 84x80
tomlnah. Nee, Diablo, Qume, and Ry type printers are supported
OS-9 versions are available from Mleroware, Box 4865, Des Moines,
Iowa 503O4
Wee: menu* only 11500
Wy printer Si 35.00
other prtnten S1 50.00
wy add
sales
lax
imowim '" it a traofcmarn of SOMX STSTtMS. flex it a truMmaftc of
TexftftcaJ System* Cor»u*aTtfi
SONEX SYSTEMS
til \> : w wTtllAMSVllll nv
716—634-9466
BASIC $24.95
Pull feature I0K BASIC wllb 9 difftl floaiinj point,
■Irini function* and mMh fuACttona. 6809 vc man only.
Dink tff p*lon available soon.
SIM68 $39.95
0800 ilmulttor for the 6000 ^rocff»ior
SIM80 $34.95
WOW »Lmul«tor for 4900 6 4MB proc«»*Ori.
SUBMIT $19.95
Command Tit* processor with parameter autjltUuiion
for FLEX '■ . KBOO and 4«0» vrr*iOA*.
PAUSE $14.95
Allows for command* to function effectively on a
moglc dLak KL.FX '* aystem. fiHOO i fl&W versions.
MOVE $14 95
Single dl.k copy ronlin* lor atOD anil flSOS KL.EX
Add 51.00 Shipping in 1'SA. IS. 00 rturwhvrc.
XV Slnlc rcsidrntli plMIr add Intel tn*.
Whin onturiAC. pLeBBr aptrcify- Froca-uor 16900 or 63091
Tatpr IKC Stui4«t-dl or
Olmk Prrcom or KLtx'"l
LSI Enterprises Ltd.
PO Bex 1227
Woodhaven, NY l 142 l
(212) 631-9242 VISA ft MC accepted
HAZELWOOD COMPUTER SYSTEMS
DM-64
64K 2MHZ Memory Board
Tes '«^v
The DM-64 is a 64 K dynamic memory board which operates at 2 megahertz with fully
t ransparent refresh. This is accomplished with a proprietary memory control design unlike
any other. The board appears to the bus as a 64 K static memory. All addressing options are
made by DIP s witch selection. This board sets the pace in state-of-the-art memory design
and is backed by a ONE YEAR FACTORY WARRANTY.
COMPARE THESE FEATURES!
■ Fully Transparent Refresh • Each board exhaustively tested and burned-in
• Conforms to ALL bus timing and loading • Low power consumption
• Full 20 bit addressing • Cold bus connectors
• SS-50 or SS-50C operation • Fully socketed
• 6600. 6609 compatible • Industnal Quality Componenets and Construction
• Individual disable on each 4K segment • Full 2 MHZ operation
ASSEMBLED, TESTED AND BURNED-IN $495.00
WHERE QUALITY ORDER # DM-64
COMES FIRST SHIPPED POST PAID WITHIN CONTINENTAL U S
Coming Soon . . .
a 5 MB 5Y« " Winchester Disk Drive and Controller • intelligent (Programmable) I/O Controller
a High Resolution Color Graphics Controller • ANSI MUMPS Interpreter (Multiuser)
• IEEE 486 Bus Interface
HAZELWOOD COMPUTER SYSTEMS
7413 N. Lindbergh. Hazelwood. Missouri 63042, (314) 837-3466
GIMIX STOCKING DISTRIBUTOR
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Dealer Inquiries Invited
'68" Micro Journal
47
Model EP2A-88
EPROM Programmer
Fast as Jackrabblts . . . Well, almost!
In Australia, two rabbits can reproduce over 13 million offspring In
3 ware at 105 seconds (or 2706's. the EP-2A-88 can reproduce
1 .892.160 E ROMS in 3 years Single push button control, the
EP-2A-88 checks HEPROMS are erased, programs and ve rifles.
It also checks for defective E ROMS.
Two basic models are available. The EP 2A 88 1 wilt accept Copy
(CM) modules for the 2758. and 2716 EPROMS The EP-ZA-88-2
will accept copy modules (or the 2716. 2732 and IMS 2532
EPROMS Power requirements are 1L5 VAC 50/60 Hera at 15
warts '
PmiNo. t>«npfk*> P»tc»
EP2AXXI EPHOM P>™»«mrfi« $4>X'(KI
EPZAHX2 EPHOM PiujTommn 4'JlK*'
CM«> Cof* Module l«rZ7ib IMS25l«>fcPH0MS 25t»l
CM 711 Copv Mod uk h» 27SX EfHOMS 25 (XI
CM 211 CopvModuliffc>r273iaWJMS 24 (»l
CM«l Copy Mraduk hii IMS^ttEPKOMS 25 (HI
NonStstidartVaiawOruonizaiv i!4(lv l(«u) 151X1
Optimal Technology, Inc.
Blue Wood 127. Ear yevllle. Virginia 22996
Phone (804) 973 S4S2
HAZELWOOD COMPUTER SYSTEMS
St. Louis area's lull service computer store offering the full
line of GIMIX quality products. We SUPPORT what we sell! Call
on us for consultation and advice in setting up your 6809
system We put it all together!
• GIMIX Computer Systems and Accessories
• Mlcrowate Sollware Products
• TSC Software Products
• Great Plains Accounting Packages Gen Leg . AP. AR S?S5 00
• RMS Data Base Management System 20000
• Stylograph Word Processing System ISO 00
• BASIC Cross reference program 2500
with Source Listing on Disk 4S00
• Hazelwood DM-64 64K 2MH2 Memory
Assembled. Burned-ln and Tested 495.00
• Hazelwood VC-256 255 * 256 Graphics Board 350 00
• Verbatim Datalile Diskettes
MD-525-01 Single Sided Bon ot 10 28 00
MD-550-01 Double Sided Box ol 10 42 00
• MPI 5% * DISK DRIVES:
Model BS1 Single sided, double density. 40 track 249 95
Model B52 Double sided, double density. 40 track 334 95
Model B91 Single sided, double density, 80 track 334 95
Model B92 Doubts sided, double density. 80 track 469 95
WE SHIP POST-PAID
within continental United Stataa
Whan Qualty Comes First
HAZELWOOD COMPUTER SYSTEMS
7413 N. Lindbergh
Hazelwood, Miaaourt 83042
(314) 837 MM
Glmlx Stocking Distributor
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SEE GIMIX AD PAGES 3 4 56
l~EMS
ub ^S»\
f~\ I Lriu I ... A top-notch assembly language programming text based on the Motorola 6809:
MICROCOMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND PROGRAMMING
by John F. Wakerly
Stanford University
Published in March 1981
by John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Here is a iveil-written. authoritative text on the basic principles of microcomputer
organization and assembly language programming using the Motorola 6809 as the
principal example. MICROCOMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND PROGRAMMING
• Develops general principles of microcomputer organization and programming, using
the 6809 for assembly language programming examples (Chapters 5 12).
• Concisely describes high-level language programming in Pascal (Chapter 2).
• Discusses the important data structures needed in most applications (Chapter 3).
• Completely describes, from a programmer's point of view, seven important contem
porary microprocessors, with speciaJ emphasis on 16-bit machines (Chapters 13-19).
Outstanding physical features of the book include:
• Over 700 pages packed with useful Information • 22 pages of indexes
• Over 170 illustrations • Over 200 programming examples • Over 80 tables
Here's what some knowledgeable reviewers had to say:
"This is an excellent manuscript! It is authoritative, well-organized, well-written, and
very much up-to-date." — David A. Hodges, Professor of Electrical Engineering,
University of California. Berkeley
"Looks great! It's nice to see someone who understands the 6809 and is so careful to
get the details correct." — Joel Soney. co-arcnitecf of the Motorola 6809
TO ORDER: Use coupon in June issue or send $25.00 plus $2 00 postage and
handling to MSE Books, 257 Castro St., Suite 2E3. Mountain View, CA 94041.
Allow two weeks for delivery Add $2 00 for air mail Calif, residents add $1 50 sales
tax. MasterCard and Visa welcomed, include card number and expiration date
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART 1 ! PRELIMINARIES
1
Introduction
2
The Programming Language Pascal
3
Data Structures in Pascal Programs
4
Number Systems and Arithmetic
PART 2 J GENERAL CONCEPTS
5
Basic Computer Organization
6
Assembly Language Programming
7
Addressing
8
Operations
9
Subroutines and Parameters
10
Input/Output
11
Interrupts, DMA, and Processes
12
Program Development
PART 3/ SPECIFIC ARCHITECTURES
13
DEC PDP 1 1 and LSI 1 I
14
Motorola 68000
15
Zilog Z8000
16
Texas Instruments 9900
17
Motorola 6809
18
Intel 8086
19
Intel MCS-48 Family
APPENDICES AND INDEXES
THE ORIGINAL ADVENTURE 1
' RUNS ENTIRELY IN 3SK OF RAMI
' WD DISK ACCESSES DURING GAME!
AVAILABLE FOR 6800 OR 6809 ON 8" Oft 3* FLEX OR SSB DOS8B/6SD. OR
FOR 5- 6900 PERCOM DISKETTE
' REOUIRES MEMORY AT »OO0O S7FFF PLUS DOS RAM
2S 00 POSTPAID IN USiCANADA OTHERS ADO 55 00 POSTAGE FOR
AIRMAIL
FL€X is a trademark of Tecnnica* Systems Consultary. Inc.
/ISA MC
APPLICATION SERVICCS COMPANY
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y DOUBLE DENSITY CONVERSION ?0R YLlXitm)*
V
a
FINALLY, after more work Chan wr care Co chink abouc. Ice
done. Converts single density FLEX Z.O(tn) or FLEX
9.0(tn) 5 1/4 Inch operating eyeless to DOUBLE DENSITY 5
1/4 inch and aleo edde the capability to uae eight inch
drlvee in elngle density only. Supplied on a 5 1/4 inch
diskette. It includes e nev disk driver overlay, a new
foraatter utility that lnlclsllzes single end double
denelcy 5 1/4 Inch and elngle deneity 8 inch dlekettee,
and instructions. For uae vith our MDI-I controller board.
DD6800-1 version for FLEX 2.0(ca) - 6800 $25.00
DD6809-1 version for PLSX 3.0(tn) - 6809 $25.00
DD680009-1 both above on one diskette $40.00
CCCP-1 A prototyping boerd for the Color Computer ie now
aveilable. Fits ROM certrldge slot. Usee etrlp heedere
for wire-wrap pins and ordinary eockete so that all parte
are on front aide, $35.00
Add $3 e/b to each order. Ohio residents add 5 percent,
• FLEX le e tradenark of Technics! Systems Consultants
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'68' Micro Journal
VC-256
GRAPHICS
The VC-256 is a high resolution graphics interface
for the SS-50 bus. The controller incorporates a
variety of unique and innovative features which
provide excellent display quality combined with
EXTREME SIMPLICITY of use. It will drive any
monitor with composite video input.
Featuring . . .
* individual pixel control
* true X-Y addressing
' single instruction erase
* independent blanking control
' jitter free display
' industrial quality construction
* fully socketed
no system memory utilized
no address space occupied
no splatter on update
no adjustments
no software driver
no software initialization
no throughput toss
Specifications
Resolution 256 x 256 (256 x 250 on some monitors)
Bandwidth 8 MHz
Stability crystal controlled
Addressing mode X-Y single pixel
Origin upper left corner
Writing rate 64 microseconds per pixel
Erase time 16.7 milliseconds
Write sync interlocked
Blanking program controlled
Output signal non-interlaced composite video
Memory 65.536 bits in X-Y array on board
Registers Write: X, Y, Z, Erase Read: status
Port addresses 4 in I/O address space
Physical location one slot of 30 pin I/O bus
Size 5.6 in x 5.6 in
IC count 40 + 4 regulators
Output 75 ohm coax
SOFTWARE SUPPLIED
(6B09 5V4" FLEX'*) INCLUDES
Camera Digitizer Program " Misc. Pattern Programs
* Exerciser Program " Line Drawing Routine
" Character Generator Routine (All with Source Code)
' M ! ! I ||
= ! i | ■■:••■• ,
It ! ! 1 1 |. [ j
1 - - , lldaM
1
'
INN*
PRICE: $350 —assembled, tested, and burned in
AVAILABILITY: stock to 30 days WARRANTY: 90 days
Supplied with 6 teet of cable less video monitor connector
GIMIX STOCKING DISTRIBUTOR
HAZELWOOD COMPUTER SYSTEMS
741 3 NO. LINDBERGH, HAZEL WOOD, MO 63042 (314) 837.3488
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DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED
FUf 1S * TRADEMARK OF TECHNICAL SYSTEMS CONSULTANTS
49
UNIFACF BR-I BIT RATE GENERATOR
Supplies standard baud signals or jumper
selectable high baud option
Facilitates upgrading to S-50C extended
addressing
Uses chips and crystal from your 6800 processor
board without losing processor function
(SWTPC MPA requires Upgrade Kit)
Complete and tested S65.00
Assembled and socketed
( without chips & crystal) S44.00
MPA Upgrade Kit $10.00
Documentation only
(credit to future purchase) S 5.00
UNICOMP BT-1 ACTIVE BUS TERMINATOR
1 I Presents 120 ohm active termination
Allows greater than 5 megahertz operation
on all standard motherboards
Can eliminatecritical timing and noise
problems when using fast devices (e.g.
dynamic memories, hard disk drives, etc.)
"\
Assembled and tested
S75.00
Gold plated connectors are standard on all
Uniface S-30 and Unicomp S-50 products
microdyne AddS3.oo
po eo. 1/oj • OicMntn*. ms 3*701 • iMi)»s->i2i Shipping
Model 6800CL4 CalClock/TIMER
3'**- N.Cod C«lh
B ®Jfc- c
3« "■ < i? Q
OKI MSMSI3J
■C5ED*
*k"'0O
inl
I • ♦ USES ONE I SLOT rOI TWO CO ruNCDONS
IT'S A HARDWARE CALENDAR/CLOCK
• K*«pt daim ond »>ms wrihevl &*rvkin« by tW <0m0t#ts*
• Doy-o -w*»fc t monlkday y*a», howtMn t« (I3;?4lw +owro LMpYwt}
• HanA *Jt itiiiflg io«if»l *<«•** ol All funcltom via ttrftwv
• On- card baits* y and charging ctfCMil k»«r> i"»w *o# ftvdn* p a wn ol*
WITH AN INTERVAL TIMER INCLUDED
* Fu. (TSC «#■! nMplAM prMilw wMl.1^ nivlri-*mfctfig r «4<
vll r stM<i*iMAi«tl*4« 1 9995 J'Oi*tWnJQn..(D e i IftOO
Co~«pl»'« til*
19995
169 95
135 00
GolrfploiMj bw>s corwwctori $ 6-00
Shipflng Ahondling $ 100
t
• r-UUY DOCUMENTED: iMrrwcrlent: d.ogtomn lh.o. r . «ijK« lhv>?Opo0M
ol uflvli i«lt««r«{awromalko1ly pvfl doK u» Fl*s2 9®^5t« buliar odd*
tintt-oi-dov fo o»M*»fely httin?!. maintains k>mio *, rw» anl timi+tal*
dnploy on lop lino ol C*TJ lotroriot not included All IC'» M<koiod
O FLEX \\ iKo r«oUl»r«d Irodonvorli of Tochnkal Syilimt Conivltanlt. Inc.
SSS\ COMPUWARI Catpoiaiion 1
/ S S CO tea 2710 I
V X \ Chouy Hill, HI 0100) 1
\/^/ 609-431-2309 I
Now >ori«v buy*'M A00 5*
hum. CASH; MCror Viw
n. i <><D a f i.i I*(<Mo«i i] □
fADVl
ADVENTURE
6800 / 6809
• ALL NEW. EXCITING SERIES
• CHALLENGING SITUATIONS
• FAST. EFFICIENT MACHINE LANGUAGE
• REOUIRE8 16K OF MEMORY PLUS DOS
• SAVE GAME IN PROGRESS
• BV." DISC. TSC FLEX COMPATIBLE
MARK DATA PRODUCTS
A NEW SERIES OF
GAMES FOR YOUR
S PRODUCING
ADVENTURE
68XX.
CALIXTO ISLAND • 24.98
NSW • BLACK SANCTUM .24.98 • NEW
ORDER BOTH OAME8 FOR 39.98
•MORE COMING SOON'
ATTRACTIVE DEALER DISCOUNTS
SHIPPED PREPAID IN CONTINENTAL U.S.
CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS. PLEASE ADD 0% TAX
TRS80 COLOR VERSIONS 19.95 EACH
$50.00 EZDATA $50.00
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
EASY TO CREATE
EASY TO MAINTAIN
EASY TO REPORT
True random access (FAST)
Max records on file (65.535)
Runs In under 16K
6800 assembly code (FAST)
Full record/Screen updating
Change File sequence on
demand
Sort/Print any ilem
in any Sequence
Absolute Cursor Control
Insert A Character/Expand Field
Delete A Character/Contract
Field
Screen Paging - 126 page Max
Online/Real Time updating
FuH Forward Backward/
Search Control
Cursor stops ONLY on the item
to be Added/Changed
NOW . . . 6809 COMPATIBLE
NOW
Interact with your data in a language we can all understand
- ENGLISH -
All commented source Programs on
Three (3) 5 1/4" or One (1)8' Disc.
Included: EZCTL. EZDATA. EZTEXT. EZVlEW,
EZEOIT. EZPRINT. EZPURG. EZSORT
Please specify SSB. FLEX 09, FLEX & Svf or 6" Disk
GARY A. MAGNUSEN „
208 TINKLER Evenings 1-317-74.2.1565
LAFAYETTE. INDIANA 47901
Flex is a Trademark of Techinlcal Systems Consultants.
50
'68' Micro Journal
68 MICRO JOURNAL DISK PROGRAMS
DISK - I: FILESORT, MINICAT, MINICOPY.
MINIFMS, LIFET^E.BAS, POETRY.BAS, DIET.BAS,
FOOOLIST.BAS
DISK - 2: DISKED IT, PRIME, PRMCO, SNOOPPY.BAS,
FOOTBALL .BAS, HEXPAVW.BAS, LI FETI ME .BAS,
SPACEWAR.BAS. INSTR, DISKEDIT.REP (patches to
DISKEDIT)
DISK - 3: C8UGW. SECi , SEC2, FINO, TABLE2.
NOTE, INTEXT, OlSK-EXP, DISKSAVE
NOTE: Ail programs are as published by 68
Micro Journal with some additions or patches
( I f rece I ved ) .
This Is o "READER SERVICE" onlyl It Is made
available In order to eliminate Input and
debugging time by 68 MICRO JOURNAL readers-
No WARRANTY Is given or Implied for the code
or program action. Please remetiAer they are
as received and published.
PRICE: 8" DISK - 519.95 5" DISK - $17.95
South East Media
POB 794
Chattanooga, TN 37443
615-877-2241
MASTER CARD - VISA Accepted - Foreign add
sufficient postage for surface or alr t
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Other systems inquire.
$24.95 on 8* Diskette. Source only $19.95
fill. Residents add 6% Sales Tax)
Check or C.O.D Dealer inquiries accepted.
Authorized SWTPC Dealer
MICR&POWER IT MS&
,1418 West Ttiomdsle
(312) 989-8585
SOFTWARE
Chicago. IL 60660
*H(M '5 a trademark ot TSC,
6809 Small C Compiler
Generates assembly language source output
Requires only 16K memory
Library functions in source code
Generates position independent code
Supports most C functions
Generates ROMmable code
INTRODUCTORY PRICE $75
specify 5 or 8 inch diskette SSB or FLEX
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add 6%. C.O.O. orders add S3. SO shipping & handling.
BUGGER'S GROUlinGBISVSTEmS
POST OFFICE SOX 305 SOLANA BEACH.CA 92075
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(913)381-5588
• ucso pttat- i, a registered trademark V 'S*
oftfiewgentsof ttwuniv of c»llfoml» MASTERCAtO
'66' Micro Journal
51
Why wait up to 6 months for high
quality 16-bit resident system software,
when you can get it now?
Hemenway Associates cart give you the
software tools you need to get the most
out of your 16-bit hardware. Because
8086. ZBOOO and 68000 Systems Softwa re
is sitting on our shelves right now.
Single user operating systems, macro
assemblers, text editors, floating point
packages, multi-tasking operating sys-
tems , linking loaders and PASCAL com-
pilers are all ready for immediate delivery.
You've heard about Hemenway
Associates' system designs in the pages of
EON. But now you can have Hemenway-
designed software for you.
processor. Our software feta
to arty hardware configurafj.an From
manufacturers evaluation boards to full
blown microcomputers. iH efftclenr, easy-
to-use and backed by ongoing support.
So whether you 're a microcomputer
manufacturer, software developer or indi-
vidual microcomputer owner, Hemenway
has the software for you.
For the hard facts on Hemenway soft-
ware, write orcall: Hemenway Associates,
101 Tremont Street. Boston, Massachusetts
02 108. Phone: 6 1 7-426- 1 93 1
rWX 710321 1203. TELEX 921735.
HEMENWAY ASSOCIATES, INC
When it cO m es to software, come to Hemenway
5DUTHEfl5TERn
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OS/OP
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SCXJTH EAST MEDIA SUPPLY
P.O. Box 794 Crwttanooga TN 37443
6809
POWER
pftTA M ,■.»,-,■'■! MI'MT SYSTE M - DMS7/VM
• Virtual memory technology - datab*<tes to I00OK
• User defined hierarchical files to 12 levels
• Alpha, Numeric, Decimal. Integer & Coded fields
• Fast fund point BCD arithmetic to 16 digits
•Select, Sort and Key Access on multiple fields
• CRT Inquiry and formatted reports with totals
•Simple High-level Command language interface
• Accomodates majority of business applications
• Written in highly efficient modular assembler
• Runs on SWTPC 6609 5tK« with 8* disk. FLEX 0/S
• Commercial Ouality and easy to use S&50.00
" ATA HAHA r;rMi:::T SYBTOI DMfti
• Entry level system - allows databases to 32K
•Same as above but w/o virtual memory. ..1250.00
Also Available!
BASIC ACCQtfWTIHO SYSTEM for DMS2/VM
• Point-of-sale option. User defined transactions,
• Inventory, Accts Rec 6 Pay * much more...*330.00
Basic Accounting System for DMSI si 50.00
Write for Details and Software List!
WESTCHESTER Applied Business Systems
P.O. BOX 187
BRIARCLIFF MANOR, N.Y. 10310
914-941-3332
FLEX it ( iredtnjrk of Technical 5«t«i Consultants, Inc
WINDRUSH
MICRO DESIGNS LTD
INTRODUCING OUR UNIVERSAL 16K MEMORY
TWO INOIVIDUAtlV AOORESSABLE SK BLOCKS CAN BE AOORESSED AT ANY
8K BOUNDARY VIA OIL SWITCHES
EACH JK DEVICE MAY BE DEFINED AS RAM (TMS'OlM EPROMIZ718I5V) |,OB)
CMOS RAM IHM* I IBP- 3| VIA A OIL SWI 1CH
EACH tK DEVICE MAY BE DISABLED VIA A DIL SWITCH ANO REMOVED FROM
THE MEMORY MAP
THE BOARO IS FULLY SOCKETED AUCAT SOCKETS ARE USEO FOR THE
MEMORY DEVICES
THE BOARD HAS BEEN PROVIDED WITH A RECHARGEABLE BATTERY TO BACK
UP CMOS RAM DEVICES SO THAT THE BOARO CAN BE CONFIGURED AS
NONVOLATILE MEMORY
»■ 120 00 (EXCLUDING MEMORY DEVICES) ALL INCLUSIVE,
DOMESTIC OR FOREIGN. ACCESS VISA MASTER
CHARGE/INT L MONEY ORDERS
WE DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE 68XX COMPUTER SYS-
TEMS TO INDIVIDUAL REQUIREMENTS WE ARE ALSO
DISTRIBUTORS OF THE ENTIRE RANGE OF SMOKE SIGNAL
BROADCASTING EQUIPMENT
GAYMERS WAY INDUSTRIAL ESTATE.
NORTH WALSHAM. NORFOLK. ENGLAND
TEL N WALSHAM (0692) 405169 TLX: 97360 SHARETG
* CT-64
* CT-1024
* DMA VIDEO ADAPTER
FOR YOUR TERMINAL
• DMA (ability to update anyplace on the screen
directly)
• HIGH SPEED DISPLAY (fast as any video board)
• KEYBOARD CONTROL (of baud rateand paging
scrolling)
• DOCUMENTATION (includes source lisltng that
replaces Outee)
J.B.I, adapter wilh memory S142 50. J.B.I adapter
without memory $129 50. Source Code on Disk $5.00 —
Tape S3 50
Provide your system configuration and software
Terms: cash, MC. Visa or C O.D plus $3.50
shipping and handling
Johnson Micro Computer
2607 E. Charleston
Las Vegas. Nev. 89104
1-702-384-3354
54
'68' Micro Journal
THOMAS INSTRUMENTATION
THE MACHINE TOOL, INDUSTRIAL SPECIALISTS IN BUSINESS ON A
FULL TIME BASIS FOR 10 YEARS
NEW PRODUCT: S-R/R
48K 2MHz STATIC RAM/ROM CARD
*24 2K blocks memory mapped on any 2K boundary
♦uses low power 20I6P-2 (2128) RAM and/or 2716 ROM
♦mix 4K blocks of RAM and ROM
♦6800 and 6809 compatible
♦use on SS-50 and SS-50C buss
♦decoded for extended addressing
♦5 volts only
♦low power consumption (lyp. '/S amp with 48K RAM)
"gold connectors
Special Introductory Prices
Bare board $39.20 2716 $12.80 2016P-2 $13.60
A/T without memory chip* 5100.00
A/T with 16K $220.00: with 32K S3 1 6.00: with 48K S440.00
NEW ACCESSORIES FOR 68XX USERS:
SS-50/SS-5OC EXTENDER CARD $35.00
SS-30 EXTENDER CARD $25.00
♦Both cards assembled with a built in logic aid & gold edge connectors
SS-30 WIRE-WRAP/PR010TYPE BOARD (board only) $20.00
♦Pad spacing permits most standard sockets from 8 to 64 pins
•Provision has been made for voltage regulators
FEATURED PRODUCT: SP-I Bare card $49.00 Asm. + tested $195.00
♦A super prototype board 'Card design includes
(3) 6821 6 parallel ports
14) 6850 4 seiial ports
(I) 6840 3 16 bit counter/timers
which are fullv buffered and decoded
♦Accomodates a mix of 38. 14 & 16 pin wire wrap sockets
♦Pad spacing permits most standard sockets from 8 to 64 pins
MODEM CARD B/C
special pans kit
A/T without extra features
♦SUPER CPU assembled with source listing
without 2K EPROMS (2-2708)
♦Monitor in two 2708 EPROMS
♦CPU bare card. doc.. & src.
♦VIDEO RAM asm. 7x9 chars 64x16
♦VIDEO RAM bare. doc. Xtal. src.
♦PARRALLEL I/O asm 100 I/O lines
incl. 5 PIAs for 10 ports
♦PARALLEL I/O bare card & doc.
♦SS-50 WIRE-WRAP/PROrarYPE bare
♦TRANSITION CARD asm.
♦TRANSITION CARD bare
DEALERS FOR SW'IPC, CIMIX. AND TSC
♦All Thomas Instrumentations cards come with full documentation including software source listings where applicable ♦All
assembled cards are burned in at I50F and fully tested with Gold conn. *Bare card piices do not include edge connectors
♦See previous ads. write, or call for more detailed information.
THOMAS INSTRUMENTATION
168 EIGHTH STREET — AVALON, N.J. 08202 (609) 967-4280
NJ RES. INCLUDE 9% SALES TAX
CONT. USA INCLUDE $3.00 SHIPPING, CANADA $6.00, FOREIGN $12.00
MASTERCARD. VISA, and C.O.D. ACCEPTED
To satisfy in-depth questions regarding our products send $20.00 to receive full documentation, schematics, & source listings for ail
boards currently In production
$ 49.00
$195.00
A<T with extra features
$395.00
$325.00
Software obj. & src.
on
FLEX disk
$ 10.00
BACKPLANES AND MOTHERBOARDS
$235.00
♦16 position SS-50
$80. (X)
$ 29.00
♦12 position SS-50
$60.00
$ 59.00
* 8 position SS-50
$40.00
$195 00
* 6 position SS-50
$30.00
$ 49.00
* 4 position SS-50
♦ 8 position SS-30
$20.00
$39.00
$139.00
♦♦Connectors:
$ 49.00
GOLDS1.60ea. (M
or
F)
$ 39.00
TIN M $.40 ea. F S.50
ea.
$ 95.00
$ 49.00
64K BYTE CMOS STATIC
RAM BOARD . . . with Battery Back-Up
Using the latest in memory technology, the GIMIX 64k BYTE CMOS STATIC RAM BOARD
combines the best features of previous memory boards on one board.
FULLY STATIC MEMORY with its Inherent low soft error rale and freedom from alpha-particle induc-
ed errors. No complicated refresh timing or clocks required for data retention. Fully compatible with
any of the 6800/6809 DMA techniques.
HIGH SPEED 200ns. memoiys for guaranteed operation at 2MH* with no wait slates or clock stret-
ching required.
ULTRA-LOW POWER CMOS RAM requires less than 1/4 AMP (250 Ma.) at 8V for a fully populated
64K BYTE board Less power supply loading and heat generation lor cool, efficient operation.
NON-VOLATiLE using an on-ooard nickel-cadmium battery. The board retains data even with system
power removed. With the battery fully charged, the contents of the memoty remain intact for a
minimum of 21 days.
HIGH OENSITY permits greater memoiy expansion to meet the needs of todays sophisticated, multi-
user/multi-tasking operating systems.
ADDRESSABLE in two 32K sections that have their own decoding lor both the regular and extended
(SS-50C) address lines. Each section can be addressed to any 32K boundary in the address range
(1M BYTE with extended addressing). The 32K sections are divided into four 8K blocks that can be
individually enabled or disabled. Disabled sections do not occupy any address space
RELIABLE like all GiMix products, the 64K BYTE CMOS STATIC RAM is designed with reliability in
mind. Series damping resistors, a fully gridded power and ground layout, and generous power sup-
ply decoupling, all contribute to reliability and data integrity. An unsale voltage detect circuit inhibits
writes to the board, when the 8V. supply falls below a preset level, to prevent loss of data during the
transition between system and battery power
The GIMIX 64K BYTE STATIC RAM BOARD is ideally suited to a wide
variety of applications.
Its high density and ultra-low power consumption make it possible lo greatly expand systems with a tew
available bus slots and limited power supply capabilities
The batteiy back-up feature is useful where data loss due to power failure cannot be tolerated, or as a replace-
ment lor disk or tape storage where conditions such as environment prohibit their use Since the entire board
can be hardware write protected by a switch located at the top ot the board, it can also be used is emulate PROM
or ROM memory This is especially useful during firmware devtfopejiwi t where Irequenl software changes must
be made
When ihe bean) is used in conjunction with a device such as the GiMix MISSING CYCLE DETECTOR BOARD,
which monitors the AC line and generates an inlernipt when a power tenure occurs, aitkal data can be stored
and system integrity maintained during enher expected or unexpected power outages
The GIMIX 6«K BYTE STATIC
MEMORY BOARD is available in S6K
and 64K versions. Both version in-
clude all of Ihe above lealures. gold
bus connectors, and come lolly
assembled, burned in, and tested
56K«,»» $ 994.56
ISockeM tor 64K)
64K^ $1088.64
GIMIX KNOCKS OUT DISK PROBLEMS
GIMIX OMA DOUBLE OENSITY
DISK CONTROLLED 168
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5 H
66' Micro Journal
3016 Ha mill Rd
Htxson TU 37343
Second Class Poslaga Paid
At Chattanooga. TN
ISSN 0194-5025
NO- -
PH - /*} 77*
liiVTMi]
tFORTr-r 1 THE PROFESSIONAL'S CHOICE
WHAT? FORTMI WH07 TALBOT!
Extended version of the original 6009
Implementation of FORTH INTEREST GROUP
FORTH by astrophysicist Dr. Ray Talbot;
equl volent 6800 version also avaf I able. Now
obtain tFORTH direct Iroa the author,
thereby ensuring direct and quick support.
Supplied on FLEX" soft-sectored diskettes*
although when you discover the elegant
simplicity of FORTH you will use It as a
self-contained system!
WHO USES IT? CRAFTSMEN!
A »aster furniture craftsman II k t?
Chippendale used special tools to ply his
craft; auch better tools than you vould
supply to e high school Industrial arts
class. It has been sold that If Chippendale
had ■ ade programs rather than furniture he
would have used FORTH as his tool. He would
have not tolerated Beginner's All-purpose
Symbolic Widget Instructional Toys.
If you want to team ho* to pro gram,
use a language designed for teaching —
PA&CAt or BASIC. If you know how to
program, use a language designed for
creltsman — FORTH.
FORTH applications span a wide range
Of tasks. It Is Ideal for laboratory
Instrument control, data ecflufsltlon end
analysis, process control, Interactive
systems, and real-time systems. It has been
used for Astronomy through Zoology with
tha practical worlds of aircraft simulations,
automated banking, and computerized bulletin
boards in between.
WHY USE ITT TIME»M0MET(
Users of FORTH report productivity
gains of 2 to 10 over their other
development tools* FORTH develops faster
and runs faster than nott BASIC* or
PASCALS (see time comparisons In r 6B' Micro
Jolt r>al, 1981, Feb* p. 1 4, April p. 14 (compare
equivalent algorithms!!, and May p.? 7*
flrmFQRTrt • prod uc«s equally fast, but
much more compact code. It Is simple to
develop and test complex systems using
tFORTH. then use flrmFOPTH to product? a
compact ro mm able product.
tFORTH SYSTEM AND APPLICATIONS
THE PROFESSIONALS CK0ICEI
Compatible with all FLEX systems: C l m I X,
SMTP, SSB, or EXORclsor; easy to convert to
other operating systems or n*oke standalone*
Specify 5 or 8 Inch diskette and specify
6800 or 6809.
Manuals available seperatel y - price fn I),
deduct abl e fro* system ordered later.
tFORTH S100 (*15)
Basic complete FORTH system with text
Editor, debugging tools, end vocabulary to
Interface with FLEX.
tFORTH* 1?50 H2M
tFORTH plus 2nd screen editor, full macro
assembler. extended data types. CASEs,
additional diskettes with GOING FORTH <a
computer aided Instruction course on FORTH
-rltten In FDRTHJ and GOODIES *\ (ft
collection of debugging and documentation
tools, games, execution simulator, generalized
for matted nun er leal Input, and miscellaneous
utilities). Individual ports of tFORTH* are
avail able for previous purchasers of tFORTH.
APPLICATIONS PROGRAMS
tFORTH
MrrtFORTH 1350 If I 01
FOR USE Wl T H
For doing target compilations to rommable
code. Ideal for developing pro rs for
Instruments or even complete operating
syste »sl Automatically deletes unused code
and unneeded dictionary Information. New
Version 3*0 can compile directly to memory
or to disk storage (tha latter permits
development of larger programs], and
contains code for developing I nt er up t
service routine** Includes full source code
for target compiler as well as the ess en 1 1 al
portions of the full FORTH nucleus. Requires
bu t does not Include tF 0RTM-* ,
Tiny PASCAL In FORTH Data 8ase Management
Tool Kit and other applications — writ* for
details*
® tFORTH is a TradeMark of Talbot Microsystems
** FLEX is a TradeMark of Technical Systems Consultants
Talbot
MICROSYSTEMS
5030 Kensington Way. Riverside, California 92507. (714) 781-0464
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